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* MTJLLER. 99 MTJLLER. speeial pursuit, and at the age of twenty he was reail.v lor tlie degree of doetor of philosophy. The first" fruits of his labors apjieared in a transla- tion of the Hituitadiita (1X44). In 1844 he went to Berlin to study under liop)i and Sehelling, and ■ to consult the Sanskrit nianuseri|)ts there. In Paris, whither lie went in 184.5. he began, at the suggestion of linrnouf. to prepare an edition of the Rig-Veda, with the coiiMncntary of Sayana (q.v. ). With this view he went to England. June, 1840. to examine the manuscripts in the East In- dia House, London, and the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and. on the reconnnendation of the dis- tinguished Sanskritist H. H. Wilson, the East India Company commissioned him (1847) to edit the Rig-Veda at their expense. The first volume of this great undertaking appeared In 18411. and the sixth and eoneluding volume was pd)lislied in 1874. A second edition was issued in ]S80-!12. In 1850 Jlax Miiller was appointed deputy Taylorian professor of modern languages at Oxford; in 1854 he succeeded to the professor- ship, and in 1858 he was elected a fellow of All Souls' College. While pursuing his labors con- nected with the Rig- Veda he published treatises on a variety of philological topics which did more to awaken in England a taste for the sci- ence of language in its modern sense than the labors of any other single scholar. Inheriting the poetic imagination and fire of his father, he had at command such a felicity of illustration that subjects dry under ordinary treatment be- inme in his hands attractive. The lectures which he delivered on the Hilibert Foundation on the Oriyin and Growth of Rclifiion (1878), and the (iifl'ord series on XHtiinil Heligioii, Phi/sical Rc- lii/ion, Anihropolofiicol Rclir/ioii. and Theosophi) or Psi/clwlofiical Rclif/ion (18!l0-02), attracted much attention. He continued to publish on literary, lingriistic, and philosophical subjects up to the time of his death, which occurred at Ox- ford. October 28. ItlOO. Among his long list of works, mention may be made of a translation into German of Kalidasa's Mpf/hadi'ita (1847): Tlir LniKjuage of the Scat of War in the East (2d ed. 1855): Comixiratirc Mi/tholofi;/ (in the "Oxford Essays" for 185G) : Hixtory of Ancient San.tkrit lAteraiurc (2d cd. 1800) ; lectures on The Science of Lnn<iua<jc (18G1: last ed. 1880) : The Science of Religion (1870). Chips from a. German Workshop, in four volumes, was pub- lished 18fia-75: the Hibbert Lectures on the Ori- pin and Growth of Religion, in 1878: Selected Essai/s, in 1881 : Sij: Si/stems of Indian Philos- opht/ (1809) : Auld Lanti Si/ne (1st and 2d series. 1800) : and Ramal.rishnii, ffis Life and Sai/inris (1800). His translation of Kant's Critique of I'urc Reason, with a scholarly introduction, ap- ]H'ared in two volumes (1881). He wrote a romance, Deutsche Liehe (12th ed. 1001). He was editor of the important series The Sacred /foo/.-.s of the East : was one of the eight foreign members of the Institute of France, a Knight of the Prussian Order, a member of the Privy Coun- <'il of the Queen of England, besides being the recijiient of many honorary degrees. After his death appeared his Last Essays { 1001 ) and My . ntdtiioaraphy (1001), edited by his son. Con- -nlt fAfc and l.rltrrs of the Rii/ht Uonorahle Friedrich Max Miiller. edited bv his wife (Lon- don, 1003). MtfLLER, r.EORG Er.TAS (18.50—), A Oerman professor of philosophy, born at Grimma, in Saxony. lie was educated at the universities of Leipzig, Berlin, and Gottingeh. In 1870 he en- tered the German army as a volunteer, and took part in the campaign against France. On re- turning to academic life he b«'came priv,it-doecnt at (i.'itlingen (187<>), and professor of philosophy at Czernowitz (1880). In April, 1881, he was appointiil full professor at Gdttingen. He pub- lished: /.ur Theorie der sinnlichcn .ufmerK:iam- keit (1873) ; Zur (Irundleyung der Psychophysik (1878); Zur Theorie der M uskelcnnl ruction (1801); Zur Analyse der Untcrschiedsemp/lnd- lichkcit, with L. G. Martin (1809) ; and Expcri- mcntelle Reitriiqc zur Lehre vom GcdHchtnis, with Pilzeeker ("1900). MiJLLER, Geoko Friedrich (1805-98). A (Icniian evangelist and philanthropist. He was born at Kroppenstadt, Prussia, near Magdeburg, September 27. 1805. He entered the University of Halle (1825) as a divinity student, although his life was anything but exemplary. Late in that year he was converted, and in lS2fi began preach- ing. In June, 1828, he w'as invited to London by the Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews, to engage in its service for six months, and in March, 1820, reached London. He settled as pastor of Ebenezer Chapel. Teignmouth. in connection with the Plymouth Brethren; in 1832 he removed to Bristol, and was co-workei' with Henry Craik. While at Teignmouth he gave up pew-rents and depended on voluntary gifts, for which a box was placed in the chapel. The re- sult was a largely increased income, and from that time on he would take no salary, depending wholly upon voluntary gifts. In December. 1835, after a visit to the Continent, he published a proposal for the establishment of an orphan- house for destitute children bereft of both par- ents. Spontaneous ofl'ers of money and service were received, and the opening of the liome was announced May 18, 183G. At the end of 1856 there were 297 orphans under his care. The number of orphans increased and the buildings were nuiltiplied, until in 1875 "2000 children were lodged, fed, and educated, without a shilling of endowment, without a committee, without or- ganization, by funds drawn from all parts of the world." In 1849 he moved the orphanage to Ashley Down, a suburb of Bristol, to specially constructed buildings. Attended by his wife, he made evangelistic tours all over the world. His yarrative and other books and pamphlets had a large sale, and gave information of his work. He died at Ashley Down, March 10, 1898. Consult his biographv, bv A. T. Pierson (New York. ISOO). MiJLLER, Gerhard Fbiedrich (1705-83). A (iernian historian, born at Herford. in West- phalia, and educated at Leipzig. Entering the newly established Saint Petersburg Academy, he gave instructions in history. geogra])hy. and Latin, and was soon appointed professor of his- tory. In 1740 he went to Siberia and traveled for ten years, engaged in the study of its antiqui- ties and geography. Of his great work on Si- beria only one volume was pulilished (1750). On bis return he became historiographer to the Em- pire, and in MVM. after many attacks by his col- leagues, was appointed keeper of the national archives. He drew up for the Government a collection of its treatises, and wrote a number of works on Russian history, in which subject he was a high authority. His most important