Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/126

* MULLER. 98 Galicia. He was ciluiiiUil in Vienna. Loipzijr. Strassburg, and Berlin: became professor of Scniitie pliilolojrj- at Vienna in 1881, ami was an editor of the Wiener Zeitschrift fiir die Kunde dis Moti/cnluiidcs. His ver.v valuable works in- clude: Himjaritischc Insehriften(lS'o) ; Siidfira- bische Studicn (1877) ; Die Burgen iind Hchlijs- ser KiUhinihiiiix (1870-81) ; Sabiiische Dcitkmiiler (with Mordtniann, 18S;i): l^piriiaphisclu Dink- mtilcr aus Aruhien (1889): Die ultsemitischen Inschriftcn ton HendKchirli (1803); Epiyraphi- sclie Uenkmiiler aus Abessinien (1894) : Ezechiel- studien (1895) ; Die I'rophetcn in ihrer iirspriiny- lichen Form (189G); Siidarabisehe Allerlhiiiner ( 1899) : Die Mnlni- iind flokalri-fiprache ( 1901 ) ; and editions of liilab al Farq (1S7G) : of Hflm- dilni. Geoiiraphii of the Arabian Peninsula ( 1884- 91) : and of part of Tabart, Annales (1888). MULLER, Ediard (1828-95). A German seiil|itiir. licirn at Hildburghausen. His first occupation was that of a cook in the ducal kitchen at Coburfr, and he practiced his trade subsequently in Municli and Paris, and thence went to Antwerp, where, on the advice of the sculptor (Jeefs. lie proceeded to study at the Academy in 1850. Two years afterwards lie con- tinued his studies in Brussels, and in 1857 set- tled permanently in Rome. Masterly composi- tion, great truthfulness to life, and a liigli degree of technical perfection are the chief characteris- tics of his ideal figures and mythological groups, the best known of which include: "Xynipli Kiss- ing Cupid" (ISti-J): ■'Kaitli, Love, an<l lloiu-"' (1809). Schriider Mausoleum. Hamburg; "Satvr with the Mask"' (1870): "The Faun's Secret" (1874); and "Eve with Her Children" (1880). His masterpiece is the group in heroic size, "Prometheus Bound and the Oceanids" (1874- 79), National (Jallery. Berlin, chiseled oiit of a single block of marble. MtTLLER, Fermna.nd vox (1S2.5-96). A Ger- man naturalist, lie was born in Rostock, studied at Kiel, and in 1848 went to Australia, where he was for several years engaged in botanic explora- tions, and was director of the Melbourne Public Garden (t857-7."i). His researches on tlic sub- ject of the acclimatiziition of jilants yielded high- ly valuable results. Miiller wrote: Fraymt nta i'luilotiraphitr Australirr (18li2-Sl); Plants of Virforia (1800-05); Flora Auslraliana (7 vols,, 180.3-70) ; and Seleel Exiratropiral Plantsi.m). MULLER, FitiKiniiiii (called Maler Miiller) (1749-1S25). A (Jerman poet, painter, ami en- graver, horn at Kreuznach. He showed in his youth a talent for art, and began to study paint- ing at Zweihriicken, where his fascinating per- sonality and varied endowments won him the favor of the Court circles. In 1774 he went to Mannheim, ami soon aeipiired a reputation as a poet. Jlis iilyls were inspired, first by Gessner, afterwards by Voss, some of them being realistic descriptions of the life of tl)e common people in the Palatinate. He is be.st known as a dramatist, and as such a (rue representative of the •Storm nnd Stress' period, whose unlmlnneed enthusiasm IR most apparent in flnln und CIrnorera. To the theme attempted in Fausis l.ebrn dramnlixirt his powers wiTe hardly adequate. In 1777 he bad become electoral Court painter, and in 1778 means were provided to satisfy the artist's long- ing for Rome. Although he continued there his literary efforts for a time, he more especially MULLER. cultivated painting, setting up ^lichelangelo as his idol. l)ut falling into exaggerations and never attaining any real success. Gradually estranged from his art through failures and distress, he de- voted himself to art-historical studies, became a sort of ambulant antiquary, and was much sought as a cicerone. Through the patronage of the Crown Prince of Bavaria (afterwiirds King I.ouis I,) he was enabled to pass his declining >ears in comparative ease. Consult Seuffert, Dcr Maler Miiller (Berlin, 1877). MULLER, Friedricii (1782-1810). A Ger- man engraver, born at Stuttgart. He first studied under his father. Joluinn Gottliard Miiller. an en- graver of note, and subsequently in Paris. In ISOS his engraving of '•.Saint -lolui Al>out to Write His Revelation," after Domenichino, won him a high reputation, which was maintained by his ■'Adam and Eve Under the Tree of Life," "after Raphael. In 1814 he was appointed professor of engraving in the Dresden Academy, and the rest of his life was devoted to the execution of the plate of his gi-eatest work, the "ifadonna di San Sisto,'' after Raphael. His health broke down inider the labor imposed by this undertaking, and he did not live to see a finished i)rint of his work. His engravings are only eighteen in numlier, mostly portraits, including Schiller, Jerome Bonaparte, .Jacobi, and a medallion of Xapo- leon I. MULLER, Friedrich (1834-98). An Aus- trian philologist. He was born at .Jemnik, Bo- hemia : studied in Vienna and (iiittingen, and from 1800 until his death was professor of com- I)arative philology aiid .Sanskrit at the Uni- veisity of Vienna, He was a member of the Academy of Sciences, and was one of the highest authorities on comparative philology and etli- no]og- and the relations of the two sciences. Be- sides contributing largely on these subjects to the Mitteilunyeii der anthropoloyisehen Gescll- ■teliaft and the irioier Zeitsriirift fiir die Kunde des Moryenlandes. and editing these periodicals for a ti;ne, he wrote the linguistic and the ethnological parts of the Reise der ij.'iterreichi- srhen Freriatte Sovara (1807-73); Allgemeinc Elhnor/riiiihie (1873); and a Grundriss der SjinK Inris.'iinschaft (1876-87). MULLER, Friedricii von (1770-1849). A (iennan statesman. He was born at Kunreuth, Bavaria; studied law at Erlangen and (Jiittin- gen, and in 1801 entered the administrative em- ploy of Weimar. His greatest political achieve- ment was his inducing Napoleon to keep Weimar independent (1800-07). For this he was reward- ed by being ennobled anil raised to the jjost of Privy Councilor. He wrote Erinnennirjin aus den Krieiis^eilen lo/i ISOd-l.i (1851). :Miiller be- came Chancellor in 1815. and from 1835 to 1848 was Deputy. On his fri<'ndsliip with Goethe, con- sult Burkhardt, Goethes Unlcrhallunyen mil dent. Fancier Friedrieh eon Miiller (Stuttgart, 1870). MULLER, Friedricii Max (commonlv called Max I ( 1823 1900) . One of the best known of re- cent Orientalists and philologists. He was born at Dessau, in the Duchy of . halt-Dessau, De- cember 0. 1823. where liis father, the poet Wil- lielm .Miiller (q.v.). was librarian of the ducal library. Max Miiller receiveil the elements of his education at Dessau, and then went to Leip- zig, where, under Hermann Brockhaus, he began the study of Sanskrit. This he soon chose as his