Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/124

* MULHAUSEN. 9 eetablishments connected with the textile indus- try of the manufacturing district around -MUl- liauseu. Besides cotton and woolen 'goods and kindred products, there are also manufactured maohiiiery and chemicals, and the trade is exten- sive in local manufactures and the agricultural products of the vicinity. Populatiou, in 1890, 70,892; in 1900, 89,012, largely Roman Catholics. Miilhausen, after belonging for a short time to the bishops of Strassburg. became a free city of the Empire in 1273. In order to maintain its inde- pendence, it entered into an alliance with the Swiss cantons of Hern and .Solothuru in 140G. and in 151.T became a member of the Swiss Confedera- tion, and was recognized as such at the Peace of Westphalia. It joined the French Republic in 1798. and passed to tiennany with Alsace-Lor- raine in 1871. Consult: Metzger. La rcpublirjue de Mulhuiisv (Lyons, 1883) ; Schneider, (Icuchkh- le der Stadt 'Miilhausen (Miilhausen, 1888): Hevdenreich, Atis dcr Gcuchichle der Heichsstadt MiUhaufini (Halle. 1900) ; Jordan, Der Ueber- gang der freini Ileirh.inladt Miilliausen an Prcus- .s,,r( Miilhausen. 1902). MULHEIM-ON-THE-RHINE, mi.il'liim. or MUHLHEIM. The capital of a circle in the liliiue I'luvinic, Prussia, on the Rhine, liere crossed by a bridge, nearly opposite Cologne (Map: Prussia, B 3). It has a handsome mod- ern Gothic church, a realgymnasium. a textile school, and a conuucrcial .school. Manufactured products are wire rojies and cables, velvet, silk. ma<-binery, wagons, chemicals. The town has a safe harbor, and trades in wine. Population, in 1890, 30,990; in 1900, 45,085. Miilheim is of ancient origin, and became a town in 1322. MULHEIM-ON-THE-RUHR, or MUHL- HEIM. Thf capital uf a circle in the Rliinc I'riivincc. Prussia, on the Ruhr. Ifl miles north of Uiisseldorf (Map: Prussia, B 3). It has a church from the twelfth century, a gj-mnasiuni, and a realschule. Coal and iron are mined in the district, and there are extensive iron works, manufactures of machinery, woolen and cotton goods, leather, and glass. Population, in 1890, 27,903; in 1900. 38.292. MTILIER, PlKTKR. the younger, called Teni- l>c^ta ( Iii37 or 1043-1701). A Dutch landscape anil marine painter, born at Haarlem, son and probably pupil of Pieter Mulier. the elder (died at Haarlem, 1070) — not, as was for a long lime erroneously suppf>sed, son of Pieter de Molyn (q.v. ). After having traveled through Flanders and Holland to study the l)cst Flemish and Dutch masters, he went to Rome and sdon acipiircd great re]>utation by his remarkable pic- tures of storms at sea, whence his surname, given liim by the Italians. In (lenoa. whither he went from Home, he was imprisoned under suspicion of having caused his wife to be murderetl. and after a confinement of sixteen years made his e.sca|)e to Piacenza during the bombardment of fJenon in 1084. and passed the remainder of his ilays in Milan. I'"ive of his most characteristic works (three tlniniler storms and two landscapes with figures) may be seen in the Dresden Gal- lery; others in Hamburg. Brunswick. Cnsscl, KarNrulie. Vienna (Museum. Academy. T.ii'chten- slein Gallery), Saint Petersburg, in the Brera Gallery, Milan, and several other Italian coUec- 6 MULLEIN. tions. A portrait of himself is in the Uffizi at Florence. MULITA, ninn-le'ta (Sp.. little she-mule) . A small armadillo [Tatunia hijhrida), allied to the peha, but confined to Southern South America; so called from the resemblance of its face and ears to those of a mule. MULL. The second largest island of the Inner Hcliriiles, belonging to Argj'llshire, Scotland. It is situated north of the S^ith of Lome, and is separated from the west coast of Scotland liy the Sound of Mull, from one to three miles wide( iMap: Scotland, C 3). It has an area of 347 square miles, is very irregular in shape, deeply indented with bays and sea-locks, and consists mainly of volcanic rock with some outcro]>pings of granite. The island as a whole is mountainous, rising in Ben Jlore to a height of 3185 feet. The scenery along the coast is very picturesque, and there are beautiful lakes and woods in the interior; but the scenery in the interior is not striking, the mountains being rounded in outline, and large tracts consisting of moorlands. The soil is fer- tile, but the stormy and humid climate is un- favorable for agriculture, and the land is chiefly used for grazing — cattle, sheep, and horses be- ing exported. The population in 1891 was 4091; in 1900, 4711. The chief town is Toljermory. . on the north coast, with a population (1901) of 1019. MULLAIfY, .J.VMES Robert Madison (1818- 87 ). An American naval ofBcer, born in Xew York City. He entered the navy as a midsliip- nian in 1832. and in 1844 was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. During the war with Mexico he participated in the capture of Tabasco. He was commissioned commander in 1801 and cap- tain in 1800. and during the Civil War wa.s as- signed to duty with the Idockading squadron. At his own request he was transferred from the liirniille to the Oiuidn, that he might take part in the battle of Moldle Bay. August 5, 1804. His ship, one of the last in the line, received a terrific pounding from Fort .M(ugan, and was attacked by the Confederate ram Tennessee, which would lirobably have sunk it had not the monitor ll'in- nehiigo come to the U'scui;. As it was, the Oneida was disaliled by the (ire from the fort, many of her crew were killed, and Commander ilullany lost his left arm. After the war and while com- manding the Xorth Atlantic squadron (1874- 70) he gave material aiil to Generals William H. Emory and Philip H. Slieridan at New Orleans, and during a revolution in Columbia protected American interests on the Istlimus of Panama. He became a commodore in 1870, a rear-admiral in 1874, and retired in 1879. MULLEIN (AS. molefin. mullein). A name giviii to memliers of the genus Wrliascuin. of the natural order .Soropliii!ariacea>.of which there are more tlian 100 s]M'cies. mostly large biennial or lierennial herbs with rather thick tap-roots, and natives of the Eastern Hemisphere. The more or less woolly |dants produce flowers upon spikes or panicles. The leaves and flowers were formerly reputed to have medicinal qualities, but are not so recognized in the United States. They contain a sort of mucilage which is obtained by boiling the leaves in water. Three European species are well-known weeds in the Fnited States, the com- mon mullein ^^'erbase)lm Tliaiisus), the moth