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* MOZAMBIQUE. 82 eome tralEc in rict-, yum, guld-dust, and timber; the shipping auiouuls to 150,000 tons annually. The population, in 1900, was 5500, of whom 285 were Europeans, 220 Asiatics, and the rest natives. MOZAMBIQUE CHANNEL. The body of waU'i- between the east eoasi of Africa and the island of Madagascar (Map: Africa, JO). It is about 1000 nii,les long, and its width ranges from 260 miles at the middle to nearly 000 miles at either end. The principal river tlnwing into it is the Zambezi. The Comoro Islands lie in the north entrance to the channel, and on the west shore are the ports of Heira and Mozam- bique. MOZAKABIC LITURGY (Sp. Moziirabc, from Ar. Mimlaib, from (a 'arrab, to become an .rab, from 'tirub, Arab), or Gothic Litukoy. The ancient liturgy of the Church of Spain, 'llie former title is derived from the name applied to the Christian inhabitants after they were sub- jected to the Arab domination; the latter is applied to it Iwcause it was most. widely used during the (iothic period. Its main stru<ture indicates an Eastern origin ; a plausible theory regards it as having lieeii brougiit by the (Jotlis from Constantinople or .Asia Minor in the fifth century, and then revised by Saint Isidore of tjevillc. In the second half of the eleventh cen- tury the Roman liturgy l)egan to supersede it; but' this change was stubbornly resisted. In the end six churches in Tole<lo were assigned to the local rite. Cardinal Ximenes made special elTorts at the beginning of the sixteenth cent y to pre- vent the liturgy from falling into oblivion, and founded a chapel expressly for its use. He also caused a number of U'arned priests to collate the existing manuscripts, and pidilisbed a revised edi- tion, unfortunately incomplete, in 150002. The atlinities of this liturgy with the (Jalliean on the one hand and the Creek on the other make its study important to liturgical scholars. Besides the edition referred to. it was reprinted by Lesley (Rome, 1755), and by Lorenzana (ib., 1804); it is in Migne, Patrolnfiitt hnihm. Ixxxv.. and a new edition appeared at Toledo in 1875. Consult Neale. E.indi/n in lAhirniolofit/ and Chiircli His- ton/ (London. ISfi."?) : and see Liturgy. MCZABT, Orr. pron. mo'tsart. Leopold (1710-87). . Oerman musician, father of Wolf- gang Amadeus .Mozart, born at .ugsburg. He was sent to sttidy law at Salzburg, but became a chorister and afterwards a music teacher, as he played the violin well, and in 1743 was made a member of the Prinee- Bishop's orchestra. In 17(V2 he was appointed Court com])oser. He pro- duced about twelve oratorios, eigliteen sympho- nies, six trio-sonatas, as well as serenades and concertos. Twelve of his pianoforte pieces were published under the title Prr Mortirii iind dcr Miiiid. His famous violin method, almost the first of its kind, IVr.siic/i cinrr firihidlichcn Violin- srhiile (1750), was often reprinted anil tran.s- lated. but his chief service to the world was the careful and sympathetic training of his son, the great Mozart" whose genius he judiciously fos- f<-red. MOZART, Woi.FOANO Amadevs (17.50-91). A famous Cerman composer. He was born at Salzburg. .Austria. .Tanuar>' 27. 17.'5fi. Mozart's love for music first manifested itself when his eldest sister, 'Xannerl.' liegan to receive musical MOZART. instructions from her father. When he was only live years old he composed little minuets and was discovered at work on a concerto. At six he bad become so proficient as a performer on the piano, and his sister's progress also had l)ecn so great, that their father took them on a tour of the leading capitals of Kurope, everywhere meeting • w illi notable receptions. In 1708 the elder Mozart again took his son to ieinia. There this boy of twelve conducted a solemn mass of his own composition, and his operetta Biisliiii und Uasliciinc was given at a private performance. After a brief sojourn in Salzl)urg, where Wolfgang was appointed coneert- meister to the .rchbishop, his father took hira to Italy. In Rome he heard the famous Miserere of Allegri, which was so jealously guarded by the authorities that musicians were forbidden to copy it under pain of excommunication. After twice hearing it young Muzart wrote it out by ear. His compositions and his jierformances made such a profound impression that the Rope created • him a Knight of the (Jolden Spur, and at Bologna he was elected a member of the Philharmonic So- ciety. At Milan he received a commission to compose an opera, the result being Milridutr re dl I'oitto, which was brought out in Decenil)er, 1770. and had twenty consecutive performances. His knowledge of the' Italian style of singing was greatly broadened through this Italian trij), and especially through his acquaintance with the male soprano Farinelli, the greatest singer of his time. After another brief sojourn in Salzburg he returned in August, 1771, to Milan, where he brought out his serenata Asciinio in Albd. in honor of the nuptials of Archduke Ferdinand, :t son of Maria Theresa. The death of Archliisliop Sigismund at Salzburg was a severe blow to the Mozarts; for his successor, llieronymus, for whose installation Mozart composed // suyno di f^cipione (The Dream of Seipio), showed little appreciation of his genius. Two other Italian stage works Liicio Silhi and La finta giardi- niera were produced in Alilan, and the latter also in Munich; and on iv occasion of Arch- duke Maximilian Francis's visit to Salzburg, in 1775. lie brought out II re piistore. Disgusted with the obstacles which Hieronynius constantly threw in his way, Mozart, accompanied by his ni'ollier, again started out on his travels ill September. 1777. In Mannheim be met the Weber family, which was destined to play an important part in his life. The head of this familv, Fridolin von Weber, was prompter and copyist at the theatre. The eldest daughter, .Tosepha, afterwards Frau llofer. was the prima donna for whom in later years Mozart wrote the "Queen of the Night" music in 77ic Mapic I'hite. younger daughter. .Moysia, afterwards Frau Lange, was for a time Mozart's pupil, and he promptly fell in love with her. . other daughter, t'onstanza, later became his wife. A trip to Paris ended tragically in his mother's death. He returned to Salzburg, stopping on his way in Munich, where .Moysia had secured a position, and where he learned that she no longer eared for him. In after years, however, this youthful sweetheart did more than any other singer to make his nnisie famous. While in Paris he made a friend of the encyclopa>dist Crimm. At Siil/biirg be composed the music to_ the tragedv Kinq Thamos. and began the composition of an operetta, Zaide, which was interrupted by