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* MOWBRAY. 81 MOZAMBIQUE. MOWBRAY, RouKRT de, Earl of Nortliumbor- laiiil. See Northumberland. MOWER. See Reapers, Reaping. MOWER, mo'er, Joseph Anthony (1827-70). An -Viiierican soldier, born at Woodstock, Vt. He fouglit in the ranks during the .Mexican War, hilt rose, in 18(il, to 1)e a captain in the Regular Army. Dining the first year of the Civil War he took part in the military operations in Ken- tucky and Tennessee, rendering conspicuous ser- vice. In Novendier, 1802. he was promoted to hrigadier-gencral, and was placed in command of a brigade before Vicksl)urg (1803). In 1804 lie was promoted to the rank of major-general of volunteers and commanded a division in Louisi- ana. Later he accompanied Sherman in the At- lanta cani])aign. Upon the reorganization of the army at the close of the war. he was commis- sioned colonel of the Thirty-nintli Infantry and received command of the Military Department of Louisiana. MOWRY, mO'ri, William Augustu-S (1829 — ). An American educator and historical writer, born at I'.xbridge, Jlass. He studied at Phillips Academy and at Brown LTniversity, and for many j^ears was engaged in educational work in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. In 1884-8.5 lie was editor of the Jouniul of Education, and from 1880 until 1891 of Education. Among his historical publications are: A History of the Unilad States ( 1870) ; First Steps in the Hislory of Our CoiDiIri/ ( 1S98) ; American Inventions and Inventors (1900); and Marctis Whitman and Earhi Orcr/on. (1901), a work which aroused considerable conlrover.sy. MOXA. Tlir downy hairs of Artemisia Moxa, a plant of the natural order Composita- ; also the plant itself. The Chinese and .Japanese use this sulistance as a cautery and a counter-irritant. MOX'OM, Philip Stafford (1848—). An American (dergyman, born at Markham, Canada. He came to the United States at an early age. and a year after the outbreak of the Civil War joined the Federal Army. In 1875 he entered the Rochester Theological Seminary, where he re- mained three years, then entered the University of Rochester, where he graduated in 1879. He was pastor of the First Baptist Church in Cleveland, Ohio, from 187!) until 188.'), and of the First Baptist Church in Boston from 188.5 until 1894, when he took charge of the Soutli Congregational Church in Springfield, Mass. His publications include: The Aim of Life (1894) ; From Jcrn- salcm. to Nicea: The Church in the First Three Centuries (189.5): and The Beliqion of Hope (1896). MOXOS, mr/nos, IMoJcs, !Moiio,s. or Musu, moTT'suo. A noted group of tribes occupying the Province of Moxos. on the upper region of the Mamore and Beni rivers, in Northeastern Bolivia, and speaking a language of the widespread Ara- wakan stock (q.v.). By submitting themselves to the Inea Yupanqui they became incorporated with the Peruvian Empire (see QitichuaJ. and an Inca colony was established in the province. In 1.504 they repelled a Spanish invasion of their country, but in 1074 readily accepted the teach- ing of the Jesuit missionary Baraza, who worked among them for nearly thirty years, and suc- ceeded in collecting them into fifteen mission vil- lages, at the same time teaching them agricul- ture, weaving, and carpentry. Moxos missions grew and llnurishcd, other neighboring tribes being also gathered into them, until in 1720 their fifteen villages numbered 30,000 Christian In- dians, representing nearly thirty tribes and at least nine distinct languages, the Moxos proper ]iredominating. With the expulsion of the Jesu- its in 1707 the mission period came to an end, but the former converts maintained themselves as a civilized population and exiftt to-day in prac- tically undiminished numbers. Physically they are of rather light complexion, with intelligent and hanilsomc features. They are grave and thouglitful, honest, and devoutly religious, peace- aide and civil, but carrying always an air of independence. They are successful farmers, ex- pert boatmen, and skillful with the lariat. MOYABAMBA, mo'ya-biim'ba. A town of Peru. See !Moyoi!ami!a. MOYA Y CONTRERAS, mo'ya e kon-tra'- ras. Pedro de (c.1520-91). A Spanish prelate and administrator, born in the Diocese of Cor- dova. Already known as an Inquisitor in JMur- eia, he was sent to Mexico, became Archbishop of the City of Mexico, and established the In- quisition there in 1574. For one year, 1584-85, he was also Viceroy. After his return to Spain in 1591 he was appointed president of the Council of the Indies. MOYOBAMBA, nu.'yo-bam'ba. or MOYA- BAMBA. The capital of the Department of Loreto, Peru. It is situated in the northwestern part of the department, on the River Mayo, and on a plateau of loose, sandy material, which the floods wash out, forming large ravines penetrating the town (Map: Peru, B 5). The town con- sists mainly of isolated houses thatched with palm leaves and scattered over a large area. The principal industry is the manufacture of Panama hats. Moyobamba has some trade with Brazil by way of the Amazon, with which the Mayo com- municates through the Huallaga, but otherwise it is practically cut ofi' from communication with the rest of Peiu. Population, in 1895, 10,000. MOYSE, mw-tz, Htacinthe (1769-1801). A Haitian revolutionist, nephew of Toussaint L'Ouverture. His success at La Croix des Bou- quets, whence he drove the whites to Port-au- Prince, brought on a general revolt in the south and west. In 1794 he put him.self under the command of Toussaint L'Ouverture, and with him drove out the English. In 1801 he became com- mander of the Army of the North in the attack on Spanish Santo Domingo. At the close of the same year he was accused of instigating a revolt in the north; was arrested and court-martialed; and with twenty-three of his men was blown from the cannon mouth. MOZAMBIQUE, nio'zam-bek'. The former name of Portuguese East Africa (q.v.), now re- stricted to the northeastern coast of that colony. MOZAMBIQUE. The capital of the Portu- guese Province of Mozambique, situated on a small coral island separated by a strait a mile wide from the east coast of Africa, at the nar- rowest part of the Mozambique Channel (Map; Africa, J 0). Its principal buildings are the Governor-General's palace, the custom-house, the hosiiital. and the cathedral. Mozambique wa3 formerly a centre for the slave trade and has declined in importance since that era. There is