Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/888

MORELOS Y PA VON. was cure- of tuo [laiislu's wlicii in 1810 his old ri'ctor liegan tlio revolt against Spain. By .July, 1811, when Hidalgo was shot, ilorelos had won considerable ri'iJUlation as a brave figliter and safe leader. Uiiriug the following winter he won a series of victories iii the south and west, com- pletely paralyzing the .Spanish power for a time. From February I'j to!May 2, 1812, ilorelos with about 5500 men held the town of t'uatla against a greatly superior Spanish force under Cieneral Calleja, and finally succeeded in fighting his way out of the town. In October, 1812, he captured Orizalia, and on Xovenilier 25th took Oaxat'a by storm. In August, 1813, he besieged and took Acapulco. ilorelos now set about the organiza- tion of an independent Mexican Government. He called a congress at Chilpatzingo which abolished slavery, forbade the collection of tithes for re- ligious purposes, and. on Xoveniber G. 181.3, is- sued a Declaration of Independence. In Decem- ber ilorelos marched to Valladolid, where he was attacked and defeated by Iturbide. who completed the dispersion of the independents by attacking tlieni again at Puruaran on .January 15, 1814. ilorelos retired to Acapulco and again summoned a congress. The Royalists followed ti|i their advantage, driving the revolutionists from one place to another, until November 5. 1815, when, just as the two parties were preparing for battle near Texmalaca, a traitor named Carranco in the army of ilorelos betrayed the latter into the enemy's bands, ilorelos was conveyed to the City of ilexico, where he was delivered over to the Inquisition, which condennied him to do penance as "an luieonfessed heretic and a traitor to God, the King, and the Pope." He was then banded back to the secular arm, and was shot on the 21st or 22(1 of December, 1815. His remains at present repose in the Cathedral at Mexico, and his name is revered throughout the country as one of the earliest martyrs, with Hidalgo, of the cause of ilexican independence.

MOREPORK. ( 1 ) Tn Australia, a caprimul- gine biiil (I'mliirrius Cuiicri) of Australia and Tasmania. Like many other nightjai-s. this bird has a peculiar cry. of two syllables. reseml>ling the words mor'' piirk. whence the name. It is re- markable for a liabit. when alarmed, of stifTining itself in a fi.ed attitude, sometimes fiat on the log. or rock, or fence-rail, where it liai)]>ens to be, and sometimes erect. Then, as it is dull gray, it looks like an excrescence or projection from the surface, and so escapes casual observation. An extendcii discourse, illustrated by photographic pictures, will be fomd upon this example of pro- tective mimicry in Saville-Kent's yiitvrnli.il in Austniliii (London. 18!>71. Several species be- long to the genus — all large birds, and remarka- ble in structure for the ])ossession of a pair of powder-down patches on the back at the base of the tail. .S?e Plate with XloiiT.iAR. (2) In New Zealand, an owl {flpUoglatix yora /.rii!iinfli(r).

MORERI, inA'rft'r.'^', Loris ( 1043-80). A French selinjar, born at Bargemont (Prmencel. He entered the Church, and was made chaplain to the Bishop of .Apt in 1(!".3. He piiblislied the first edition of his Grand Hictionniiirr tiixlnriqiic oil If niHiinfir riirirur fir Vhinlriirr sarn'r rl pro- fiinr nt Lyons in lfi74. This work is still of importance from a biographical point of view, and has often been translated. The twentieth edition, printed in Paris in 1759, and comprising ten viiiunies, is considered the best.

MORESNET, niOr'na'. A town and neulral ti-rritury of about l^-j square miles on the borders ul Belgium and Prussia, and under the double pro- tectorate of those countries, about five miles southwest of Aix-la-Chapelle (Map: Belgium, D 4). It received an independent constitution after the Vienna Congress of 1815. With a bur- gomaster alternately appointed by Belgium and Prussia, with self-government, and a ]iolyglot jiopulation of German, Flemish, Dutch, and French, Moresnet presents interesting jiliases of social ami political life. Population, estimated at 3000.

MORESQUE (Fr. morexijiic. from It. morcsco, from ill,. Morisciis, Moorish, from »io;'H.5, Lat. JIaunis. iloor). A term applied to the .Ara- besques of ilohammedan art. which formed the main element of its architectural decoration. The term has come into general use since the extension of the term arabesque to include details of classical and Renaissance decoration. See Ar.BESQUE; il0HAMMED.N ART.

MORETON (nior'ton) BAY. A harbor on the cast coast of Queensland, Australia, formed inside the islands of Stradbroke and ilorelon (Map: Queensland, H 9). It is about 40 miles long by 17 miles wide, and receives several small rivers. Among them is the Brisbane, having the city of Brisbane at its mouth.

MORETON BAY CHESTNUT {Castanosper- nuim A Kfilnilt >. An Australian tree of the nat- ural order Leguminosse, which attains a height of about 100 feet, has wide-spreading branches, pinnate leaves, large racemes of beautiful red and yellow flowers, and pods six or seven inches in length. The seeds, which somewhat resemble chestnuts in size and quality-, are soaked for sev- eral days in water. ^Iried, roasted, pounded into a coarse meal which is used like tlour. The wood, which shrinks greatly in drying, is brown, soft, easily worked, and wlien well seasoned is adapted to caliinet work.

MORETON BAY PINE. See Araucaria.

MORETO Y CABANA, mo r.a'tA. k:-na'nya. .oi.sTiN (I'.lOlS-O'.i I . A Spani-h dramatist. Inirn at iladrid. He studied al .lcal;'i de Ileuares and then went to iladrid, where he found a friend and ])atron in (alderon. A volume of his plays ap- peared at Madrid in 1054, and some three or four years later be entered the household of the Cardi- nal .rehl>isho]> of Toledo. .Mthough inferior to Lope de Vega and to Calderon, he yet takes rank as one of the best dramatists of the latter part of the .<tiV;/o de oro. or golden age. Hi' achieved his real success in the category of dramas styled comcdidx dc capa y rxpadn — that i^*. dramas of in- trigue. In these lu' excelled as a delineator of character. and also showed Mime study of manners, iloreto's masterpiece is the play dcsdrii i-im rl deaden (Scorn for Scorn), which still delight'* on the stage as it did in the days of the author. Bor- rowing the idea from Lope's Milnfjrox drl drs- prcrio. he produced a work better arlistically than that of the master, and most brilliant. In his Prinrrs.if d'Ktidr. ilolifre imitated the Des- dh) roil rl drxdi'n. . other excellent play is F.I Undo Don Dirfio. in which he admirably depicts the foppish gallant of the period. Of his historical dramas one of the most Interesting is the