Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/887

* MORELL. 795 MORELOS Y PAVON". Peninsular oami)aii;n, and in .luly, 18l>:i, was ap- [Hiinti'd major-gemnal of voluntwrs, tliuugli the commission, not being sent to the tSenale for contirmation, lapsed in ilareh of the following year. Jlorell participated in the second balllc of Bull Run and in the Maryland campaign of September, 18G2, and commanded the forces ffiiarding the Upper Potomac from October 30 to December 16, 1862, and the draft rendezvous at Indianapolis. Ind., from December, 180.3, to Au- gust, 1804. In December. 18(U. he was mustered out of service, and afterwards until liis death lived as a farmer at Scarborough, N. Y. MORELL, .John Daniel ( 1816-01 ) . An Eng- lisli philosopher, born at Little Baddow^ in Kssex. He graduated at Glasgow University in 1840, took his JI.A. degree a year later, and then went to Bonn, where he studied theology and philosophy. After his return he became inde- pendent minister at Gosport. but three years later (1845) resigned the position. In 1S4G he published his Histoiicul and Crilicol Vicii- of the Speculative Philosophy of Europe in the yine- teenth Century, which was highly praised and which led Lord Lansdowne to appoint him in- spector of schools, an office which he held initil 1876. In 1849 appeared his Philosophy of lieli- yion, a work that was widely discussed. Among his other publications are: a Urummtir of the Enylish Lunyuaye (18.57), and On the Proyress of Society in Enyhnul us Affected hy the Advance- tncnl of Sationul Education (IS.ili). In philos- ophy he was an eclectic, but inclined toward ideal- ism, while in religion he gradually outgrew the narrow limits of his earlier belief until he came into sympathy with all branches of the Christian Church. Consult Theobald, Memorials of J. D. Murcll (London, 1891). MORELLA, mo-ra'lya. A strongly fortified town of Eastern Spain, in the Province of Ca.s- tcllon, situated among the mountains, 50 miles west of the mouth of the Eliro (Ma]): Spain, E 2 ) . It is built on a .steep hill in the midst of a rough and inaccessible coiuitry, and is sur- roimdcd by walls and towers, the wall being tripled on one side. The population, in 1900. was 7078. MORELLET, mo'r'-la', Axdr£, Abbe (1727- 1819). A French author, born in Lyons. After a youth of poverty and hard study, he came into possession of a small annuity, and thenceforth lived in Paris. He was in sympathy Avith the Kncyclopedistes, and was a personal friend of Voltaire. He was made a member of the Academy in 1785. entered the newly established Institute in 1803, and in ISOS was named Deputy from the Seine. He belonged to the .school of Turgot in political economy, and was one of the first in France to argue for free trade. His numerous works are more remarkable for elo- (|uence. force, and vivacity of style than for original thought. Among his most powerful pamphlets are: Throrie du paradoicc (1783), against Linquet : Preface de la comedie des phi- losophes, ou La vision de Charles Palissot (1760); Le cri des families (179.t). a protest against the confiscation of property owned by those condemned by the Revolutionary trilinnals; and Melanges de littcrature et de philosophic au XV I Heme sircle (1818). His other works in- clude Mfmoires sur le XVIIIeme siicle, et la Ilccolution ( 1821 ). -Many of the pamphlets were translated into English. MORELLI, mo-rel'le. DoMENlco (1826- 1901). An Italian jiainter, born in Naples. He studied at the Naples Academy, and in Rome un- der Camillo Gnerra, and with Uverbeek. He was afterwards professor at the Naples Academy with Filippo Palizzi. He belongs, with Michetti, to the realist school of Naples, a development of later nineteenth-century art in Italy, and was in fact the leader in this movement. His most important paintings are: "Tasso Reading His Poem to the Three Eleanoras;" "Bath at Pompeii;" "Temptation of Saint Anthony" (1878) ; "Christ in the Wilderness;" "The Marys Going to Calvary:" and "An Arab Musician." Consult Ashton, Hkctch of the Life and Work of Domenico Morelll (Boston, 1895). MORELLI, Giovanni (1816-91). An Italian art-critic, known under the pseudonym Ivan Lermolicfl'. He was born in Verona, studied medicine at Munich, Erlangen, and Berlin, and in 1838 went to Neuehiltel, where he assisted Agassiz in his investigations of glaciers. He subsequently devoted himself to art criticism, his method, based upon empiric principles, being embodied in his Die ^Ycrl;e ilalienischer Meister in den (lalerien ron Miinchcn, Dresden und Ber- lin (1880). This was subsequently amplified to Kunslkritischr Studitn iiher Halienische ilalcrci (1890-93), and translated by Ffoulkes under the title Italian Painters: Criiical titudies (1892). Morelli was a member of Parliament 1860-70 and was made a Senator in 1873. MORELLY, mo'r'-le'. A French socialist of the middle of the eighteenth century. He was born at Vitry-le-Fraucais. taught there, and be- came an abbe; but of his life nothing more definite is known. His works include: Le prince ( 1751 ), in which he argues for communism : a poem, Le naufraye des iles flottantes ou la Basil- iade (1753), wiiich describes an ideal Govern- ment ruled by the laws of nature; and Lc code de la nature (1755-60), a work long attributed to Diderot, and the forerunner of modern com- munism. Consult Lichtenberger, Le socialisme au XMHcmc siccle (Paris, 1893). MORELOS, nuVr;'i'16s. One of the smallest States of Mexico, situated in the interior, and bounded by the State of Mexico with the Federal District on the nortli and west, Guerrero on the west and south, and Puebia on the east (Map: ^Mexico, J 8). Area, 2773 square miles. The northern part is extremely mountainous and cut up by deep ravines. The land slopes toward the south, where the agricultural land is found. The valleys of the south are extremely fertile and produce corn, rice, wheat, sugar cane, coffee, and fruit. The State is traversed by two railway lines, and has a considerable trade. Population, in 1900, 161,697. Capital, Cuernavaca (q.v.). MORELOS. A city of Mexico. See CrAiTLA I>E MoRELOS. MORELOS Y PAVON. mi-ra'lAs e p:'ivr,n', .TosE Maria ( 1765-181.") i . . ^lexican patriot. He was born of very poor parents at Valladolid, the town now known as Morelia. and was thirty years old before he was able to secure a chance to get an education by entering the College of San Nicolas, where Hidalgo was rector. He made rapid progress, entercil holy orders, and