Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/88

* MAKION. 68 MARIS. 1770, and was made lieutenant-colonel in the regular service. For a time he was in connnand of Fort Jloullrie, and then took part in the un- successful attack of D'Estain>^ and Lincoln on Savannah in 1779. When the 15ritish captured Charleston in 1780 and began to overrun the State. .Marion tied to North Carolina, where he met General (iates, who received him coldly. Soon he was asked to command four companies of ir- rej^ilar cavalry, which had been raised around W illiamsburg. S. C, and in August. 1780. Gov- ernor Untledge gave him a commission as briga- dier-general of State troops. After tlic defeat of Gates at Camden and of Sumter at Fishing Creek, this was for a time the oily American force of any strength in the State. The men furnislicd their own eiiuipment and came and went almost at will, as it was necessary to pro- tect their families from the Tories and to plant their crops. The first important action was on August 2, 1780. at Nelson's Ferrj', where two companies of British regulars were routed and l.iO Conti- nental soldiers taken at Camden were recap- tured. Marion's men caised nnich trouble to Cornwallis by intercepting cimimunications. cap- turing foraging and scouting parties, and intimi- dating the Tories. Major Wemyss and Colonel Tarleton were especially instructed to take him. For a time Marion was forced to retreat toward North Carolina, but in 1781 he established him- self at the continence of Lynch's Creek and the Pedec River, in a swampy forest known as Snow's Island. He took Fort Watson in conjimction with Col. Henry Lee. ca))tured Fcirt ilotte and Georgetown, fought at Quinby's Bridge and Park- er's Ferry, and at Eutaw Springs. The force was not disbanded until after the British evac- iiation. in Deceml)er, 1782. Marion was elected to the General Assembly in 1782. and was pub- licly thanked by that body in 1783. As he had been ini|iiiverished by the war. the sinecure of commandant of Fort .Johnson was created for him. .fter his marriage to a wealthy woman, Mary Videau. he represented Saint .Tohn's in the State Senate and in the Constitutional Con- vention of 1700. Consult: Sinims. ]/ife of Fran- cin Marion (18441. and Tarleton, ffintory of the Camimi'imt of IISDHSI (Dublin. 1787)." MARION DELORME, nia'rfr>N' de-lOrm'. A drama by Victor Hugo (18.'?1). based on the life of the . notorlinis courtesan of that name. She appears in Pe Vigny's Cinq-Marfi and in Bul- wer's liirhi lirii. MARIONETTE (Fr. tnnrionnrltr. diminutive of Mininri. diiMiiiiilive iif Mnrir. Mary, denoting originally a little ligure of the "irgin Mary). small, jointed figure, representing a character in the miniature drama of a puppet theatre. See I'l I'CKr. MARIOTTE, niiVr^ot'. KnMK (c.l020-a4). A distinguished French natural philosopher. He was born in Burgimdy. and was the prior of Saint Martinsous-Beaune. near Dijon. He was active in developing experimental research in France and was one of the first members of the .Acadf-mie des Sciences, founded in irififi. Ho repeated Pascal's experiments on gravitation, anil ileteited some peenliarilic'i whieb lunl ('■;• caped that philosopher; confirmed Galileo's theorv of motion: enriched hvdraulics with a multitude of di-^cnveries: and finallv made a ■thorough investigation into the subject of the conduction of water, and calculated the strength necessary for pipes under ditierent circumstances. His collected works were published at Leyden in 1717 and at The Hague (2 vols., 4to) in 1740. His Traiic du mouvement des eaiix was pub- lished at Paris in 1080. Mariotte's name is a.ssociated with the law of gases discovered four- teen years previously by Uobert Boyle, this law l)eing always known in France as Mariotte's law. It is in sul)stance that the volume of a gas varies invriscly :is the pressure it is under. MARIOTTE'S LAW, often referred to as 'the law of Boyle and .Mariotte.' See Boyle's L.w; G.SES. Gexer.vl Properties of. MAR'IPO'SA (Sp.. butterfly). A local name in Califoiiiia iov the opah (q.v.). • MARIPOSA GROVE. A tract of land four sipiaie iiiiii'> ill rxlcnt in .Mariposa County, Cal.. containing two groves of the Secjuoia gigantea, consisting of al)Out 40") fine specimens. The largest of the trees, the '(irizzly (!i;int.' has a circum- ference of 04 feet, and its ni:iin limb, at a height of 200 feet, is 6',-> feet in diameter. The road between the groves passes through an opening 9V(feet wide, cut through the heart of one of the trees. The tallest tree is 272 feet high, and a ntimber exceed 250 feet. The tract is resen'ed as a State park. MAR'IPO'SAN, or Yokut. A linguistic stock or family of Xorth .Vmerican Indians, formerly located in southern California, about Tulare Lake, and extending as far north as the junction of the Fresno with the San .Toaquin. Twenty- four sub-tribes are mentioned by Powell. Every village consisted of a single row of wedge-shaped huts of tule, with an awning of brush stretched along the front. These houses were used for sleeping purposes only. The mountainous con- dition of the country was naturally productive of a series of isolated areas, in which each camp with its separate captain and medicineman re- sided. It is noteworthy th;it the l>raves took no scalps in war. ditTering herein from most India.n trilics. The main sources of their food supply were fishing, hunting, and gathering acorns. Their w'eapons were sinew-backed bows and excellent arrows. There are no more delicate and beauti- ful baskets made anywhere than in the villages which constitute at once the Yokut tribe and the Mariposan stock, and s|)ecimens are to be seen in every fine collection. These Indians are espe- cially interesting to the ethnologist, since they preserve ancient industries and social customs which antedate even the coming of the I'tc tribes into their area. Fish-weirs, fishing booths, fish- traps, tule boats are survivals of ancient life. Consult: Powers. Contributlnnx to Xorlh Amrri- ran FJhniihi(iii. vol. iii. (Washington. 1877): Powell. Krrrnlh Annual Report of the liurcnu of Elhnolofni ( ih.. 1S9I). MARIQUINA, inii'rAkc'na. A town of Lu- zon. Philipi)in(>s. in the Province of Rizal (Map: laizon. F S). It is situated eight miles north- east of Manila, at the intersection of sevi^ral im- portant roads, and has manufactures of shoes and otlii'r leather work. In the neighl)orhood are the medicinal iron springs of Chorillo. Population. lo.:!no. MARIS, ma'ris. .Takor (1S37— ). A Dutch painter, born at The Hague. He studied in . t- werp under De Keyser and Van I,erius. and then in Paris, and became a ptipil of HObert (180(5).