Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/877

MOORS. Philip II.'s successor, and in 1699 the Moriscoes weie finally expelled from the country, the loss of more than half a million of her most active citizens proving in the end a disastrous blow to Spain. The Moriscoes crossed over to Africa, but were received with hostility bj' their kin, from whom long absence had estranged them. Consult: Abu ibn Mohammed al Makarri, The Hialorii of the Muhaiiiiiicdaii Di/nastifs in N/ir/i/i, trans, and annotated by P. de Gayangos (2 vols., London. 1840-43); Aschbach, (leschichte Spa- iiims iiml I'uiluyals ::ur Zcit der Herrschuft tier Aliitoniiidcn und Ahnohndcn (Frankfort, 1833- 37) ; ('o])pOe, History of the Conquest of Sfiaiit by the Ai-dh Moors (2 vols., Boston, 1881); Dozy (eJ.). flistoire de I'Afrique et de I'Espagne (Ley- den. 1848-51), trans, from the Arabic of Ibn Adhari : id., Recherches sur I'histoire politique et litteraire de I'Espagne penduiit le moi/en age (2 vols.. 2d cd., Leyde'n, 18(50) ; Lane-Poole, The Moors ii) Spain (London. 1880) ; Lea, The Moris- eoes of Spriia (Philadelphia, ItlOl).

MOORSHEDABAD, nioor'she-dji-bad'. A town of British India. See Mtjkshidabad.

MOO'RUP (native name). A cassowary (q.v. ) ; often wrongly written moorttk.

MOOS, mds, S.LOM0X (1831-0.5). A German aurist. born at Kandegg, Grand Duchy of Baden. He studied at Heidelberg. Prague, and Vienna, in 1859 became lecturer in aural surgery at the first-named university, and in 186t) was ap- pointed professor there. His researches in the patholog}' of the labvrinth of the ear were im- portant. He first showed that the derangement of hearing and equilibrium observed in certain infectious diseases is due to the presence of mi- nute organisms in the labyrinth. Among his publications are Ueber Pihinrasion des Laby- rinths naeh Diphtheria (1887) and Vntersuch- unyen iiber Mittelohrerkrankungen bei den vcr- schiedenen Formen der Diphtheria (1890). From 1868 he edited at Wiesbaden in collaboration with Knapp the Zeitschrift fiir Ohrenheillcunde, of which an edition in English was also pub- lished.

MOOSE (.Vlgonquian niiisu. Knisteneaux mousnati, wood-eater). Tlie popular name for the deer of the genus Alces. the largest quadru- ped of North America. The male, called 'bull moose,' is much larger than the female ('cow'), and stands six feet high or more at the shoulders, while the weiglit may exceed half a ton. The head is very large, and bears antlers of remark- able size and shape. They consist of an imper- fectly separated anterior and posterior part, both in the female, and in the yearling male are only knobs an inch high. The ungainly aspect of the head is greatly increased by the large nostrils, and the large, hairy muzzle, which is almost long and nmsciilar enough to be a jiroboscis. and it practically serves tluit purpose in gathering leaves, lichens, and twigs. The neck is short and stout, but the legs are very long, so that tlie animal cannot accommodate itself to feeding from the ground, and consequently seeks its food on shrubs and trees. The front legs are consider- ably longer than the rear ones, and this makes its gait, whether slow or fast, extremely awk- ward. The color of the inoose is generally some shade of brown, the legs yellowish. bit the pelage varies with age and season, and may be strongly grayish. During the summer moose are solitary in their habits, cxcej)! that the young are usually found with the mother. The breeding season begins in .September and mating goes on through the fall. At this season the bulls lose their natural timidity, become savage, and will readily attack any animal or even man, if their rage is aroused.

During the winter the moose often gather in small herds and form 'moose-yards' by trampling down the .sniow over a limited area, so that the shrubs and young trees become available for food. The young are born in the spring or early summer, one or two at a birth, and remain with the mother until the third year. Moose are among the very finest of game animals and have been so eagerly sought, not only for sport, but for meat, which is highly prized, that their numbers have been greatly reduced in all the settled parts of America. They are hunted in the late summer and early fall, oftentimes by means of jack-lights, as are other deer, but later in the season they are generally captured after being called within gvinshot, the 'call' being a rude trumpet made of a roll of birch-bark, through which the voice of the animal is imitated. In winter moose are often followed on snow- shoes. When taken young, moose are easily tamed, and there are many instances recorded of their use as draught animals.

Many writers regard the elk {Alces malchis) of the Old World as identical with the moose, while others hold the moose specifically distinct {Alces Americana). Recently the moose of the Yukon valley, called the Alaskan moose {Alces gigas), has been separated as a third species. The dift'erenccs between these species are, how- ever, very slight, consisting of slight variations in the palm.ation of the horns, the color of the pelage, and the size. The Alaskan moose is undoubtedly the largest form known. In the Old World the elk is found throughout Northern Asia and Europe, as far south as Eastern Prussia, the Caucasus, and Nortliern China. The common moose of Amer- ica is fovmd throughout Canada and southward into Maine, Jlinnesota. and the northern Rocky Mountains. The. killing of moose is now (1903) prohibited in all the northern tier of States, and in Ontario and Newfoundland, except as follows: Bull moose may be killed for 47 days in October and November in Jlaine, and for 5 days in No- vember in Minnesota. There is an open season for moose in the fall in Oregon, ^'yoming. Wash- ington, and all parts of Canada, not mentioned above. In Maine, Quebec, Ontario, Jlinnesota, and Washington, only one moose ma,v be shot by one hunter in a season. The Alaskan moose is found in Northwestern British Columbia, Yukon, and .laska as far north as the Arctic Ocean, and westward to the Yukon Delta and along the south coast as far as Katmai. Consult authori- ties mentioned under Deer; and see Plate of NoKTii Americ.x Deer.

MOOSEBIRD (so called from its frequent com|)anionsliip with the moose). A local name in Eastern Canada for the Canada jay. See Jay.

MOOSE-FLY. A biting fly (Bwmatobia aids) closely allied to the horn-fly (q.v.). It is a very annoying parasite of the moose in the great cranberry swamps of northern ^Minnesota and elsewhere. Unlike other external parasites of animals, it does not leave the body of the host as long as it remains unskinned.