Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/876

MOORE. he entered the United States Signal Corps. There he ruse rapidly, becoming professor of iiieteorol- ogy in 1S94. He was stationed in Chieaj;o until IS'Jo, when lie lieeauie chief of the United .stales Weather Bureau. He wrote a Meicoroloykal Ahniiihic ami W'liithir Vuide (1901).

MOORE'HEAD, Warren King (1806—). .Vn American archaeologist and anthropologist, born in biena, Italy. He studied at Denison Univer- sity and the University of Pennsylvania, and under Wilson, curator of antliropology in the Smithsonian Institution, and spent several years in exploring the mounds of the Ohio Valley! He became an assistant in the arclueological depart- ment of the Uolnmbian Exposition, and soon after he was appointed curator of the museum of the Ohio State University. His imblicatiims include: Fort Aiwknl (ISiiOl, Primilicc Man in Ohio (1.SII2I. and Prdiisturic Intplemcnts (ISOO). MOORE'S CREEK. A small stream in Xorth Carolina, on the banks of which, about I'O miles from Wilmington, a battle of the .merican Revolution was fought on February 27, 1776, between 1.500 Loyalists, mostly Highland Scotch, under lirig.-Gen. Donald JlacDonald. and about 1000 militia and minute men, imder Cols. Rich- ard Caswell and Alexander Lillington. The Loyalists charged across the girders of a bridge from which the jjlauks had been removed, hut were utterly defeated. Thirty of them werp killed, many wounded, and .about 800 taken prisoners. The cflect of this battle, says Fiske, "was as contagious as that of Lexington "had been in New Knglaiid." MOOR'FIELDS. A tract of marshv ground outside the old wall of London, north of the Tower. It was later called Fensburv or Fins- biny. the present name of the district.

MOORFOWL. See Grouse.

MOORGATE. The later name of a gate in the wall of Konian London leading to Moorfields. It was removed about the middle of the eighteenth century. Its name is preserved in the present Moorgate Street.

MOOR'HEAD. A city and the county-seat of Clay l.iunty. .Minn., on the Ked River of the Xorth, ojiposite Fargo. N. D.. and at the junction of the Northern I'acitic and the Great Northern railroads (Map: Minnesota. B 4|. It is the scat of a State normal school and of Cimeordia College. Moorhead is an important distributing centre for the tributary agricultural country, and has a large trade in wheat. It has grain elevators and Hour mills, brick yards, and a foundry and niiiehinc shops. The waterworks and electric liglil plant are owned and oi«'rated by the nmnieipalitv. Population, in ISOO, 2088- in llMKi. .•;7,;ii.

the hawse is prevented together with the con- stant necessity of unshackling the chain to "clear the hawse." .See H.WSE.

MOORISH ART. A term applied to the monuments produced by the civilization of the Mohammedans in Spain and in North Africa. See JIolIAM.MEDAN Akt.

MOORS (ML. Murus, Lut. Maurus, Gk.MoO/ws, perhaps from ftaOpos, mauros, d/j.avp6s, amauros, dark, or perhaps from their original native name). The name given to a mixed people constituting a very important element in the population of Northern Africa. Their appear- ance indicates their origin, which is a mixture of the Mauri. Numidians, Phoenicians, Romans, and Arabs, who have successively held possession of the eountrj-. They are a well-formed race, with fine Oriental features, and a mild and melan- choly expression of countenance. The .Moors employ the Arabic language, but with many corruptions and deviations from the original, and these appear to increase toward the west. The Moors first appear in history as the allies of the Vandals in their attack upon Roman Africa. They were conquered and converted by the Arabs at the beginning of the eighth century after a severe struggle. Having once embraced Moham- medanism, they joined the .Vrabs in the invasion of Spain, passing over in such numbers that in the early period of Spanish history the terms iloors, Saracens, and Arabs are used synony- mously to designate the Jlirssulmans of the Pen- insula. In the tenth century Moorish domina- tion sui)planted that of the Arabs in Northwest- ern .frica. At the close of the eleventh century the Moorish sect of the Almoravides (q.v.), who had established their sway in Morocco, invaded Spain and swept away the Arab kingdoms which had arisen on the ruins of the Caliphate of Cor- dova. .fter half a century their realm fell to pieces, and the Moorish sect of the AIniohades (q.v.) became dominant in Morocco and Spain. In the meanwhile the Christian power in Spain had been steadily growing, and in 1212 the power of the Almohailes was shattered in the battle of Navas de Tolosa. liat was left of ^loorish dominion in the Peninsula was soon consolidated in the Kingdom of (iranada. which rose to a height of splendor almost rivaling that of the former Caliphate of Cordova. The kings of Granada carried on a vigorous warfare with the kings of Castile: hut at length, weakened by internal discord, they succundH-d in 1402 to the arms of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of .ragon. The Moors, or at least that portion of them who refused to accept Christianity, were then expelled from Spain, and began their piratical career in the Barbary States. Those MOORHEN. The British gallinule See ''"'" '■;"*;i'*f' *'"= religion of their conquerors Gai.iimi.i: i.<'i""iie. cce camo to be known as Moriscoes. They were sub- TM-nn-DTTVT^ oiTTTTi-n-T. jcctod to the most rigorous supervision, and anv jauOKlJMe-SWIVEL A device employed to lapses from their adopted religion were rutli- join th<' two chain cables by which a ship is ' ■ - moored so that the swinging of the vessel with the tide will not cross the cables or produce turns in the hawse. It consists of an iron swivel with two shackles, to which the chain cables leading to the anchors are attached, and two shackles above which are capalde of revolution, to which the chains leading through the hawse by Don .John of Austria, and a iarge'"numbpr were holes to the vessel are connected. A vessel so driven from the conntrv. The poliev of oppres- moored has many advantages, as the fouling of sion was continued with increased sc'vcritv under lessly punished by the Inquisition. For more than three-quarters of a centurv- they lived as jieacefnl subjects of Spain and constituted by far the most industrious and intelligent element in the population. The persecutions of Philip II. ilrove them to revolt (1.508 7O). hut the in- surrection was suppressed with great cruelty