Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/860

* MONTREAL. 77-2 MONTROSE. town became tlie centre ul the fur trade and the starting point for military and exploring es- peditions, from which it became known as the "ilother of Cities.' With Indian massacres and warfare, and strife between the religious and civil authorities, Montreal soon acquired a ro- mantic history. In 1700 the British took the town, and their entry marked a new era. In I7".5-7ti it was occupied by the Continental forces, but the citizens resented Franklin's incitement to revolt aj;ainst Britisli rule. In 1S44 it was made the scat of the Canadian (iovernmcnt, but it lost the honor after the riot of 184!), when the Parlia- ment buildings were destroyed by the mob. The British garrison was removed in 1870. In 1901 a great tire devastated four acres of the commer- cial portion of the city, the Board of Trade build- ing constituting the chief loss. The damage was estimated at $4,000,000. With its subiirbs, Montreal's population num- bered, in 1891, 220.181: in 1901, 200.826, half being French, the rest of Irish. Kiiglish. and Scot- tish descent. Thn'c-fourths of the inhabitants are Itoman Catholics, and the city is the seat of both Konian and Anglican bishops. Consult: Sandham. VtUe Marie: or. 'Sketches of Montreal Past and Present (^lontreal, 1870) ; Maclennan, Montreal and Some of the Makers Thereof (ib., 1893) ; and the authorities referred to under Cax.d.. MONTREAL. An island in Canada formed at the junction of the Ottawa with the Saint Lawrence River (Map: Quebec, C 5). It is 30 miles long. 10 miles wide at its greatest breadth, and contains 197 square miles. It is of great fer- tility and productiveness, and celebrated for its culminate in Mount Royal. The city of Montreal is located on it. MONTREAL D'ALBANO, num'trfi-iil' dal- bil'no. or Fra JIoreale, frii mo'rft-li'h'i (?-I3o4). . famous Italian cfindoltiere. He was a native of Xarbonne in Provence (France), and as a young man entered the Order of the Knights of Saint John, but was ultimately expelled. He subsequently distinguished himself as a soldier under Louis I. of Hungary in the wars with Naples, and refused to surrender Aversa to Queen .Toanna of Naples, but was driven out in 1352 anil entered the .service of the Church. In 1353 he started his 'Great Company.' a band of mer- cenaries, which soon became the terror of Italy. In 1354 he aided Rienzi in getting ])ossesslon of Rome, but was suspected of intriguing with Rienzi's enemies, the Colonna. He was therefore seized, and, after a short trial, beheaded on .ugust 30. 1354. Consult Papencordt. Cola di Pirnzi mill seine Zeit (Hamburg. 1841). MONTREtriL, mfiN'trrA'. A town of France in the Department of Seine, sitiated one and one- half miles east of Paris, near Vincennes. It is surrounded by large peach orchards, has gj-psum quarries, and manufactures porcelain, paints, glue, soaps, qnd chemicals. Population, in 1891, 23.801 : in 1901. 31.(573; of commune. 31.773. MONTREtriL, Oerbert de (fl. e.12.50). A I'riiicli poet of the thirteenth century about whom hardly anything is known. His creat work is till' lionuin dr la i iolette [i..) . Gcrbert also wrote a long sequel to the Pereeral of Chrcs- tien de Troyes. This sequel is still unprinted. MONTREUIL (MONTEREATJ) . Pierre de (thirteenth centun-). A French architect of the (lot hie period. Ho was principal architect to Louis IX.j for whom, in 1245-48, he built the Sainte Chapelle(q.v.), one of the finest creations of the matured (Jothic style. Among other imjior- tant works built by him were the refectory and the lady chapel of the Jlonastery of Saint (jer- main dcs Pr6s. destroyed during the Revolution. His relative. Fi »Es de -Montrelil (died 1289), architect, engineer. ;ind sculptor, accomi)anie<l Saint Louis to tlie Holy Land, where he fortified .laH'a. Returning to Paris in 1254, he built there the Hospice des Quinze Vingts. the chief asylum of the blind, and a number of churches. All of these buildings were demolished during the Revo- lution. In 1285 he became architect to the King. For his own tomb in the Church of the Cor- deliers he carved a relief of himself between his two wives. MONTREUX, moN'tre'. . A parish in the Can- ton of "aud, Switzerland, at the eastern ex- tremity of Lake (icneva, including the villages of Clarcns, Territet, Vernex. (Jlion. Veytaux, Colonges, Charnex. and others (Map: Switzer- land. A 2). The district is noted for its ro- mantic alpine scenery and mild and healthful cli- mate, and is a favorite and well-appointed resort of tourists and invalids. From (ilion a rack and pinion railway leads up to the Rochcrs de Naye, at 58(30 feet elevation, commanding a magnificent view. Near Vevtaux is the celebrated Castle of Chillon. MONTROND, moX'tro.N'. C.simir. Count of ( 1708 lS4:il. A French political agent. He served in the army up to the Revolution, and then rashly stayed in Paris instead of accom- l)anying liis family in exile. In 1794 he was arrested and imprisoned, but escaped with Mile, de Coigny, Duchess of Fleury, the heroine of Clu'nier's Jetine captirc. whom he married, but soon divorced. It was at this time that he came under the influence of Talleyrand and l)eeame his most trusted agent, ilontrond was prominent in bringing about the second Restoration, .fter the Revolution of 1830 he lived in Fnghuid. where he boasted that Louis Philippe paid him 2.000 francs a year to speak well of him in the English clubs. MONT'ROSE. A royal burgh and seaport in Forfarshire. Scotland, at the mouth of the South Ksk. 80 miles northeast of Edinburgh, and 34 miles southwest of Aberdeen (Map: Scotland, F 3). The town stands on a level jieninsula be- tween the mouth of the river and the basin of the Esk (an expanse seven miles in circumfer- ence and dry at low water). A fine suspension bridge connects the town with Rossie Island, which is again connected with the mainland by a small drawbridge. Two lighthouses are in a line on the north bank of the river, and the magnificent tower, named the Scurdyncss Light- house, is at the mouth of the stream. Flax spin- ning is the chief industry; linen, canvas, rope anil soap manufacture, iron founding, tanning, brewing, fisii curing, wood carving, and ship- building are also carried on. The corporation owns the water supply. The harbor, one of the iM'st on the eastern coast, is provided witti quays and dry and wet docks. It affords accommoda- tion to vessels drawing 19 feet of water. The principal exports are manufactured goods, agri-
 * i|qih' orchards. I'ndulations. callcil coteaiix,