Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/86

* MARINE INSUBANCE. 66 liability; for others, from liability for losses of less than o per cent., or some iilhcr specified proportion, unless the ship be stranded, while for all other commodities, and for ship and freight, liability does not atlacli iinlcss the loss exceed 3 per cent, or the ship he stranded. When sev- eral successive losses are experienced during the same voyage, the sum of all tlie losses is the amount considered in determining whether the percentage of loss is high enough to render the underwriters liable. The measure of the liability of the insurer for particular average on the ship is the cost of repairs, incUuIing all extra expenses which they involve, with a deduction, usually of one-third, from the value of new material used in repairing the ship; in the case of freight it is the amount actually lost through the diminition in the weight of the cargo; and for the cargo it is that part of the invoice value of the damaged goods which remains after there has been subtracted from their total value such a proportion of the total value as tlie gross value of the damaged goods at the piut of destinaliim is of the gross value of similar goods in a sound condition. Gexerai. Average. In the absence of insurance general average wmild be api)ortioned among all the owners of ship, cargo, and freight. Each party, including the one whose property was sacrificed, would make contribution in propor- tion to the value of the ])ropcrty he had at stake. In estimating that value the value of ship and largo is usually taken at their actual value when they leach their destination, while the value of the freight is ascertained by subtracting the wages of captain and crew from the gross amount received as freight. Mien the different parties are insured, general average is paid by the underwriters and not by the owners of the proiierty. So far as general average is con- i-erned. insurance is a transfer from owners to un<lerwriters of liability for contributions to re- imburse tho'^e whose property has been sacrificed for the general good. 'Sl'E AND Lauor.' When loss or disaster threatens a ship or cargo, the master of the vessel is hound to do everything in his power to avoid the danger or avert the loss. Whatever expense is incurred for that purpose the luider- writers are responsible for, mider the so-called ■-■uing and laboring' clause, which reads as fol- lows: "In cas<^ of any loss or misfnrtune, it shall be lawful lo the assured, their factors, servants and assigns, to sue, labor, and travel for, in, or about the defense, safeguard, and recovery of the said goods and merchandise, or ship, or any jiarl thereof, without prejudice to this in- surance: to the charges whereof, we. the ns.sur- crs. will contribute, each one according to the rate and ipianlity of the sum herein insured." While the clause says that the insured 'may' so sue and labor, it is the est:iblislied rule of law that be is bo id sn to act. The general rule is that in case of damage or partial loss the insured i> bound to act as a prudent man would act under the circumstances if he were unin- sured, MARINE RAM. See RASr, -MakIiNE. MARINER'S COMPASS. See Compa.ss. MARINETTE. niar'I nf't'. A city and the county *e.il i.f Marinette County. Wis.. IfiS miles north of Milwaukee: on the rhicapo, ^liKvaukee MABINONI. and Saint Paul, the Chicago and Xorthwesteni, and the Wisconsin and Michigan railroads (Map: Wisconsin, !•" 3). It is situated at the mouth of the Menominee River, on (jreeu iiay, opposite Menominee, .Mich., with which it is connccle<l by bridges, and by steam and electric trams, ilari- nette has a line harbor, and carries on an ex- tensive lake commerce: and its good water power and proximity to vahuible forests have developed its extensive lumlicr interests, which are among the most im|)ortant in the Northwest. There are also large box factories, .several establish- ments making various cedar products, pail and broom factories, paper and ])ulp mills, iron works, and manufactories of steam threshing machines and gas and traction engines. Settled al)out 1850, Marinette was incorporated in 1887. The government is administered under a general charter of 1808, which provides for a nuiyor, elected every two years, and a unicameral coun- cil. I'opulation. ill 1890, 11.523; in 1900, 10,195. MARINI, ma-re'ne, (Jiambattista (1569- Iii25). All Italian poet, born at Naples, Octo- ber 18, lot)!). lie entered vipon the study of jurisprudence, but lived so wildly that his father eventually banished him from home. He was received into the house of the chief admiral of Naples as a secretary, but the part that he played in connection with a certain abduction finally forced him to tiee to Rome. There he prospered, and before long ( 1(03) he was able to undertake a journey to V'cniee to superintend the publica- tion of his verse. Attached to the household of Cardinal .Aldolnandini. he traveled with him in Italy, and, under his auspices, came into contact with many men (}f letters of the time. He next won the favor of the ducal ruler of Turin, Charles Emmanuel I., but. being suspected of a quip upon the Duke, he was arrested, and upon his release went to I'aris, where he succeeded in recommend- ing himself to the good graces of Maria de' ile- dici. He remained in Fnince from 1615 to 1623, and then, reluniiiig lo Italy, he was everywhere received with extraordinary honor. He died at Naples, March 25, 1(525. ' liefore his twentieth year, JIarini had already gained considerable re- pute by his Canzone de' bad. The first collection of his verse was that of Venice (160214). en- titled La lira, in which there is an obvious imita- tion of Ovid. Tiluillus, Spanish writers, and earlier Italian poets. His inost noted production is the .l(/o)i<' (Paris. 1623). a Ion;; jioem in oc- taves, ostensilily on the loves of Venus and .donis. but containing long digressions. What most attracted attention in this work was its man- nerisms, the excess of imagery, and its over- wrought style. Marini is equally reprehensible for the notorious license and indecency of many of his writings. Cf. the ed. of the Ailniic of Florence, 1886: the flallrria (Vhnice. 1619) ; his f.ellere I Venice, 1647) : AI. Alenghini, La rita r Ic opere ili U. IS. Marini (Kcimc. 1888). MARINO FALIERO, niiVrf-'nA fii-ly.i'rfi. A drama by Uyron ( 18201. II is the sti.rv'of a tra- gedy of 1355. when the Doge Kaliero. cletcctcd in a cimspiracy lo overthrow the Venetian Republic, w;ls iK'hr.'liIrd, MARINONI, mli're-no'nA. HiPPOLYTE (1825- 1904;, . Kreneh inventor, born at I'aris, He invented a rotary press which could print 40,000 copies in an hour, and another which printed polychromes in six colors at the rale of 20.000 an hour, as well as many other improvements in