Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/856

* MONTLTJCON. 768 MONTMORENCY. mont Ferrand (ilap: i'lauce, J 5). It is the industrial capital ol Central France. The town consists of two parts: the medixval portion on the right bank of the river with its interesting Hotel de 'ille, forinerlv an ecclesiastical estab- lishment, and its timbered houses dating from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, dominated by a castle-crowned hill (the ancient fortification now converted into barracks) ; and the newer portion extending along the left bank of the Cher, where are located the extensive glass, steel, iron, and woolen factories. The town owes its rapid de- velo])ment to the opening up of the Commentry coal field. It has a considerable trade in grain, corn, and fruit. Population, in 1001, 35,0G2. MONTMAGNY, mOx'mii'nye', Chakles J.C(n>:s III AULT DE ( ^'-c.ie.il). A governor of New France. His education was under Jesuit auspices, and he became a Knight of Malta. Though probably appointed Governor soon after the death of Champlain in lG3.i, he did not ar- rive at Quebec until .Tune, 1G36. During his stay, the strength of the colony increased, a semi- nary for Huron boys was founded, and the Iro- quois were defeated in several skirmishes. As a result of the fight at the mouth of the Richelieu River, a peace was made at Three Rivers in 1645, but this was broken the ne.xt year. !Montmagny was intensely religious, b>it viewed with disfavor the colony at ilontreal. thinking it a mistake to divide the strength of the missionary forces. He was recalliil ill September, 1647. MONTMARTRE, mox'mar'tr'. A northern distrii-t of Paris, MONTMEDY, mox'mft-de'. The capital of an arroiidissemeiit and a fortified town in the De- partment of Meuse, France, near the German frontier, on the Chiers, 31 miles by rail southeast of Sedan (Map: France. M 2). It consists of two parts, the upper containing the citadel on a commanding rock, and the lower portion, or Bas-Medy, surrounded by a strongly fortified wall. The town has some domestic manufactures and an agricultural trade, but its importance is purely milit:irv. It was in the line of the Ger- man invasion of France in 1870, .ind contained a vast supply of war materials. It resisted the bombardment of the Germans in September, but succumbed to another attack December 14. Popu- lation, in lOnn. 2600. MONTMORENCY, moN'niA'rjiN'si^'. An old and illuslrimis l''reneli family named from a vil- lage near Paris, whose members in 1327 received the title of first baron of France. The mythical founder of the house is I.ESRirs (or LIxbiiis) , who is said to have died with the martyr Diony- sius: the first authentic lord of Montmorency is BnrciiAitn T., about 0.50; Mattmikv II. (liS9- 1230) is the most famous member of the family before the sixteenth century. He was called the 'Great Constable;' in the reign of Philip Augus- tus he captured Cli.lteau Gaillard. in Xormandy. and in 1214 won the battle of Rouvines; in 122R he defeated the .Mbigenses; and during the re- gency of Queen Rlanche. the mother of Louis IX., was a powerful iipholder of royal power. After Matthieii's dentil the family divided into two houses — the baronial branch of Montmorency and the younger line of Montmorencv-T.avnl. The former attained the title of duke with Anne DE Montmorency (14931. '507). He was born March 15, 14'J3, at Cliantilly, and was edu- cated with the princes of the royal blood. He became a soldier at an early age, and distin- guished himself by his gallantry and military skill in the wars of Francis 1., particularly at Melegnano (1515), at the defen.se of Mf-ziferes (1521), and in the battle of La Bicocca (1522). In 1522 he was made marshal of France, and in 1525 was taken prisoner with his sovereign in the battle of Pavia. He then helped to negotiate the Treaty of Madrid, and in 1526 became grand master of the roval household and tiovernor of Languedoc. In 1536 he repelled Charles V.'s in- vasion of Provence, and in l.")3S was made Con- stable of France. In this capacity he directed the foreign and domestic atl'airs of France for some years with energj- and ability. His brusquc- ness of manner, however, made him an ob- ject of dislike to many, and the suspicions of the King having been aroused against bim, he was suddenly banished from Court in 1541. The next si.x years were passed in retirement on his es- tates, but with the accession of Henry 11. in 1547 he came again to the head of atl'airs, though he shared this power with Henry's mistress, Diana of Poitiers, and the family of Guise. In 1557 he commanded the French army which was defeated at Saint-Quentin (q.v.). Here he was taken prisoner, but he was liberated by the treaty made at Cateau-Cambresis be- tween France and Spain in 1550. During the minority of Charles IX. Montmorency with the Duke of Guise and the ilarslial .'^aint-. dre composed the famous triumvirate which resisted the infiuence of Catliarine de' Meilici in State af- fairs. He commanded the royal army against the Huguenots, though Coligny was his nephew, and was defeated and captured at Dreux (1562), but later gained victories over them. In 1563 he forced the English to evacuate Havre. At the battle of Saint-Denis against the Huguenots under Conde he received a fatal wound and died in Paris on the following day. Xovemlier 11. 1567. — Henry. Fourth Duke of ^lonlmorency (1505- 1632). was the grandson of the Constable Anne de Montmorency, and was born at Chantilly. April 30, 1595. When be was seventeen years of age, Louis Xlll. made him Admiral of France and Viceroy of Canada, and in 113 he became Governor of Languedoc. When the Huguenot wars broke out afresh he fought successfully for the King, and in 1625 took the Isle of Re during the siege of La Rochelle. He after- wards gained other victories, and in 1630 re- i-eived the chief command of the French troops in Piedmont iluring the War of the Mantuan Suc- cession. Ill' defeated the .Spaniards and received the marshal's baton. Having espoused, in 1632. the cause of Gaston. Duke of Orleans, brother of King Louis Xlll., and opponent of Richelieu, he was declared guilty of high treason, ami Marshal S<diomberg defeated him at Castel naudry and took liim prisoner. He was car- ried to Toulouse, and there sentenced to death through the intlnence of Richelieu. This sen- tence was summarily exi-euted: he was Ijeheaded in spite of powerful intercession on bis liehalf by various rulers. October 30. I(i32. Consult Ducros, llisloirr ilr In lie ilr llrnii. ilrrniir itur <ic Moiit- mmincij (Paris. 1643). — Lavai. .Matthiei; .]v.s l-'ELIciTt. Duke of Montmoiency-Laval ( 1767- 1820), was born in Paris. He served in the