Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/853

* MONTGOMERY. 765 MONTH. MONTGOMERY, Uouert (ISOVoS). An ranks next to the day in importance. There are Enfjlish iiriMchtT. He was born in lialh; grad- several other periods used l)y astronomers to uated at l.ininln College. Oxford, in is:i3; was which the name 'month' is applied, i^^ the nodal ordained in 1835; served as pastor at Whitting- month (27 days, 5 hours, 5 minutes, 'M> seconds), .ton, Shropshire, and the Church of Saint .lude from ascending node to ascending node (see in Glasgow, and in 1843 became minister at Nodes) ; the unoinuUstic month (27 days, 13 Percy Chapel, Saint Paueras, London, where he hours, IS minutes, 37 seconds), from perigee to remained for the rest of his life. He was an jierigee; and the solar month, which is the impressive and successful preacher and very twelfth part of a solar year, consisting of 30 popular, wrote much on theological subjects, and days, 10 hours, 20 minutes, and 4 seconds. Dis- in his later days was int^-rested in works of tinct from all these is the citil or calendar benevolence. He was most widely known through month, fixed by law for ordinaiy purposes, and his numerous poetical compositions, which were consisting of a fixed number of days — from 28 extravagantly praised by readers who, enjoying to 31 — according to the particular month. The their religious tone and facile versifieation, over- calendar months, with the number of days belong- looked their poetical defects, and were condemned ing to each, are as follows: by literary critics like Jlacaulay, after whose Days reviews they lost their popularity. Editions of l. January 31 his poems 'appeared in 1839, 1840, 1841, and 2. Februa'rj. 28 iQ-o' " •• (leap years) 29 ^''^•»- 3. March 31 MONTGOMERY, Sir Robert (1809-87). A ^- jV,;^' ^ Britisli administrator in India. He was born in e! .Tune.V..V..,V.....V............................"!!!.!!.!r.!!!!....!!.!'!!'!^ C'ountv Donegal, Ireland, and received his educa- 7. .Inly 31 tion at Foyle College, Londonderry, and at Jj' s,"ft"mber "~'ZZ"!Z""':y. 30 Wraxall Hall School, North Wiltshire, England, lo. uctuber....!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!]i!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!3i He entered the Bengal civil service in 1827, was H- -November 30 actively engaged in organizing the Punjab after ^^ December 31 the annexation of that province, and at the out- The names by which the months are designated break of the Sepoy IMutiny was the highest civil throughout Christendom were given them by the officer in its capital city, Lahore. He promptly Romans. In the earliest time the number of Ro- disarmed the Sepoy garrison, and thus not only man months seems to have been ten, namely: (1) saved the Punjab from the horrors which befell Martius, (2) Aprilis, (3) Maius, (4) .Junius; the neighboring provinces, but made it a rally- the remaining six were numbered as the fifth ing point from which the British began the task month, sixth mouth, etc.; (5) Quinctilis. (G) of reeonquest. In 1858 he became chief commis- Sextilis, (7) Septembris, (8) Octobris, (9) No- sioner of Oudh, and the next year Lieutenant- vembris, (10) Decembris. The months are thought Governor of the Punjab. In 1865 he resigned to have been lunar; but how the year was filled and returned to England, where he was appointed out is unknown. To the time of the kings is one of the council of the Secret-arv of State for ascribed a reform according to which were added India. Consult Dodwell and Miles's Bengal Civil two new months, Januarius and Februarius. SerraiilR (London. 1S3I1). February had 28 days, March, May, Quinctilis, MONTGOM'ERYSHIRE. An inland county ?" October, 31 : the rest 29. The sum is 3,35. be- of North ah>s, between Shropshire on the east "'8 ""'" «^^'**^- ^'^'^'"S ^,* 'l-'^ys .§<> to the unar and the Welsh counties Merioneth and Cardigan y^-V ^'"^ ',"™'°A, ?' *^ • " ."''f'*!",'^ "" ^"^ on the west (Map: England, C 4). Area, 797 making months of 31 days instead of 3(3, as iisual, square miles : alnlost wholly moimtainous. The ?* f'^^J .*" "^'f ^«" t'^^'.* 1"*^^ lies in odd numbers : mineral wealth is not great. 'but copper, lead, and ^^ "V^ explanation is only the conjecture of zinc are obtained; and millstones, .slates, and a" ancient writei-^ Adjustment with the sidereal limestone are quarrie.l. The uplands provide y«^=^ "?* ,'^'"'}^t ^^ intercalating two months, pasturage and cattle: sheep and the pure breed "'spertively of 22 and 23 days, inserted after of Welsh ponies called 'merlins' are reared. The February 2.3d, the feast of the Termiiwlia (and Welsh llannel manufacture is extensively carried "*'"'^' conclusion of the year) added in the on in the conntv. The capital is Montgomery', <=°"''!<^ °^ "- four-Vear period. The^odd day still but the conntv business is carried on at Welshpobl V* in e.xcess ; moreover, the Pontifices, who were and Newton' alternately. Population, in 1891, charged with the duty of making the mtereala- 58 000- in 1901 54 900 tion, were, l>y reasons superstitious or political, ' '■ ■ often induced to neglect their task ; accordingly, MONTH (AS. wonnf Goth. m«i.o|>s, OHG. the Roman months were constantly varying from W((Ho(/, tier, .l/ona?,- connected with Olr. mi, Lett, their proper seasonal position and required ar- menes, Lat. mensi.i, Gk. /iijv, men. month, Skt, bitrarv adjustment. In the reform of Julius ma.t, moon, month, probably from Skt. m<i, to C.Tsar (see Calendar) the ten days additional measure, and ultimately connected with Eng. required to make a true solar year w<'re dis- moon). Originally the period of the moon's tributed among the deficient months of 29 days; reyolution round the earth. If this is reckoned two each were given to Sextilis. December, and from the position of the moon among the stars January: one each to April. Quinctilis. Septem- to her leturn to the same position, the period is ber, and November. Hence our present numeration, called a sidereal month, and averages 27 days, The year was made to begin with January, 7 hours. 43 minutes, IW^ secon<is in lengtb ; shortly aft<'r the winter solstice. The month but if from new moon to new moon, it is longer, Quinctilis received the name of .Julius, and later being on the average 29 days. 12 hours, 44 min- Sextilis took that of Augustus. The Roman utes, 3 seconds: this is called a sipiodie month, names were adopted throughout Europe. In the (See Synodic.) The latter period forms one of the French revolutionary calendar (.see Calendar) the three natural measures of the lap.se of time, and months received new names, which had reference