Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/849

* MONTEVIDEO. 761 MONTEZUMA. prmnonadc. Tlio cathedial is a large ami con- spicuous, though not very artistic structure, but the Church of the liinuaculate Conception is hcautit'ul. The chief educational institution is the university, with faculties of law, medicine, niatheniatics, and pharnuuy, and ( ISilT ) (iOO students. There are also a seminary, a normal school, several Catholic and foreign academies, a national museum, a puhlic library, with 'itljOOO vohunes, and a large number of public schools. The manufacturing industries of ilontcvideo are inconsiderable, and the city is chiefly important as a commercial centre. As an outlet for the products of the south central part of the con- tinent its position is even more favorable than that of Buenos Ayres. In its present condition the bay has become unsuitable for large modern ocean vessels, as it iias begun to fill up. The depth at the entrance is only sixteen feet. In 1S99 a plan for harbor improvements in- volving an expenditure of from $15,000,000 to $20,000,000 was approved by the Government. It contemplates the deepening of the channel and other parts where necessary to 'HV^ feet at low water, and the building of a careening dock of suflicient depth to hold the largest vessels. In 1808 85 per cent, of the imports and 03 per cent, of the exports of Uruguay passed through the port, the values of the imports and exports of the city being respectively .$21,135,907 and $19,272,- 554. The principal e.xports are hides, preserved beef, and live cattle, as well as agricultural products. In 1899, 3974 vessels, aggregating 4,105,102 tons, entered the port. The population of Jlontevideo has grown almost wholly during the last half century, the increase being chiefly due to immigration. In 1828 it had a population of 9000; in 1862, 45.705; in 1892, 238,080; and in 1900 it was estimated at 20C.OOO. Nearly one- third of the population are foreigners, the chief nationalities re|u'esented being the Italian, Span- i-^h. and Brazilian. Jlontevideo owes its origin to a fort Iniilt in 1717 by the Viceroy of Buenos Ayres to check the encroachments of the Portuguese. The first settlements of civilians around the fort began in 1726. Its commercial importance was not recog- nized until fifty years afterwards. In the war of independence the Spaniards maintained po.s- session of it until 1814. In 1828 it was made the capital of the new Republic of Uruguay. Be- tween 1842 and 1851 it was besieged at intervals by Orihe (q.v.). who was supported by the Argen- tine dictator. Rosas, and has since been dis- turbed by internal dissensions. It has neverthe- less steadily prospered, chiefiy owing to its great natural advantages. Consult: Bordoni, Montevideo e la rcpiihWicn dcW rrurjurni (Jlilan, 1885) ; Vincent, Jlound and About Houth America (New York, 1890) ; Childs, Sprinish American Republics (London, 1891). MON'TEVID'EO. A village and the county- sent of Chipiiewa County, Jlinn.. 130 miles west of Minncaiinlis; at the confluence of the Jlinne- sota and Chippewa rivers, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad (Map: Minnesota, C 0). It has a public library, a .State high school, and Windom Institute (Congrega- tional), and a publie hall building that cost $20.- 000. The industrial establislmients include sev- eral grain elevators, flouring mills, cheese fac- tories, and a creamery. There is in the vicinity a fine monument which marks the surrender of the Sioux chief Little Crow in the Indian out- break of 1862. Pcjpulation, in 1890, 1437; in 1900, 2I4G. MONTEZ, mon'tes, LoLA. The assumed name of .Maria Dolores Eliza Rosanna Gilbert, an adventuress, born probably in Ireland, in 1818 according to some, in 1824 according to her own statement. When very young she married a Captain James, followed him to India, grew weary of him and came back to Europe. .She appeared as a danseuse in all the Continental capitals, and attracted a fair amount of noto- riety bj' her beauty and escapades. In 1847 she became the mistress of King Louis I., of Bavaria, who made her Countess of Landsfeld and allowed her to have considerable influence in the govern- ment. An insurrection in 1848 drove the King from his throne, and Lola from Jlunich. She went to London, married StaflVnd Ileald, a guardsman, was divorced from him quickly, and came to America in 1851. She traveled over the country, acting in a play entitled Lola Montez in Bavaria, married a number of times, lectured, published books, and finally settled in New York, devoting herself to rescue work. She died at Astoria, Long Island, January 17, 1861. Her writings comprise The Arts of Beaut ij, and Lectures (1858), the latter containing an auto- biography. MON'TEZU'MA. A town and the county- seat of Poweshiek County, la., 24 miles north by east of Uskaloosa ; on the Iowa Central and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroads (Map: Iowa, E 3). It has a foundry and ma- chine shop, a creamery, and manufactories of buggies, pearl buttons, and screens. There are deposits of coal in the adjacent region, which is engaged chiefly in agriculture, stock-raising, and dairying. Population, in 1890. 1062; in 1900,. 1210. MONTEZUMA, or, more correctly, MOTE- CUHZOMA. The name of two celebrated war chiefs of ancient Jlexico. MoxTEZfM. 1. (1390?- 1404) was the son of Huizilihuitl, ruler of Tenochtitlan (Mexico), and during the reigns of his father, his uncle, and his brother, actiuired fame as a warrior in numerous expeilitions against surrounding tribes. In 1436 he was elected "Emperor," and soon after entered into a war against the town of Chalco to the southeast of Mexico. Chalco was destroyed and many of its inhabitants were carried to Mexico, wlicre they were offered up as sacrifices during the fcstiviticsi attending the coronation of Jlontczuma. In tbis reign the Jlexicans extended tlicir conquests to the (ulf of Mexico and the Pa<dtic Ocean. The, capital was greatly enlarged and licautified. and a vast system of dams was begmi for the protec- tion of the city against inundation. — JIontezi'M. II. (?— 1.520), the last of the Aztec rulers of Mexico, became '"Emperor" in 1502, succeeding his uncle Ahuizotl. His reign began with the usual warlike ex])edition undertaken with the purpose of obtaining human sacrifices for the- royal coronation. Mnntczinna II. was successful in extending the limits wifliin which the domi- nation of the City of ilexico (Tenochtitlan) was recognizeil. especially toward the south, his ex- peditions reaching Imth Honduras and Nicara- gua. The national tradition that (^)uetzalcoatl»