Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/846

* MONTEPIN". 758 MONTE EOSA. founded Lc Canard, was a contributor to the anti- levolutionary Pamphlet and Lampion, and with de Calonne ])ubli-shfd two satirical pamphlets, Les trots journccs de Fcvricr and Le gouvernement proiisoirc. He wrote almost a hundred works of fiction, originally published as*feuilletons in the Petit Journal, and more than a score of plays. His plays were frcciuently the result of collabora- tion, and in several instances were based upon his own stories. Titles of the former include Lcs cheraliers du lansquenet (1847); L'officier de fortune (1857): Le ventriloque (1876); Le secret de Titan (1883); La poUciere (1897); of the latter, Le eonnitable de Bourhon and Ta- harin (with Orangi', 1873). MONTEPUXCIANO. mAn'tfi-puI-chii'no. A town in the Province of Tuscany, Italy, 28 miles .southeast of Siena. It is situated six miles from its railway station, at an altitude of 2070 feet, and is a conspicuous feature in the landscape. It is surrounded by mediaeval ramparts, has inter- esting houses, palaces, diurches. and a cathedral of the sixteenth century. The town is famous for its wines. Population of commune, in 1901, 15.399. MONTEREAtr, mox't'-ri'. A town in the Department of Seine-et-Marne, France, at the confluence of the Seine and Yonne, 49 miles southeast of Paris by rail ( Map : France, J 3 ). Its chief buildings are the parish church, dating from the thirteenth century, and the Chateau of Surville. Porcelain and coarser pottery, agricul- tural and other machinery are manufactured, and there are iron foiindries. sugar refineries, and a general commerce in agricultural jiroduce and cattle. On the bridge across the river John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, was assassinated in 1419; at the instigation and in the presence of the Dauphin, afterwards Charles VII.: and in the immediate vicinity, on February 18, 1814, Napoleon gained his last victory over the Allies, which is commemorated in a bronze equestrian statue of the conqueror, on the bridge, by Pajol, son of a general who commanded in the battle. Population, in 1900, 7929. MONTEREY, nu'-n'tAra'. The capital of the State of Niuvc] Leon, Mexico, situated IGOO feet above sea-level, 100 miles west of Matamoros (Map: Mexico, .J 5(. It is a handsome city with well-paved and clean streets, and is surrounded by beautiful gardens and orchards. The town has a fine cathedral and Government buildings, and among its educational institutions are schools of law and medicine, and a theological seminari'. It is an important railroad junction and carries on an active trade, especially with the United States. It has a number of consider- able manufacturing establishments, including foundries, sawmills, carriage factories, flour mills, breweries, and a large factory for woolen goods. There is also a growing interest in silver mining: a large smelting plant is in operation. Pojiulation. in 1805. 45.095; of the municipality, 50,320; in 1900 the mtmicipality had a popula- tion of 72.2.50. Monterey was founded under the name of Lertn in 1581, and received it-s prpsent name in 1599. .Sec Montkrey, R.vtti.e of. MONTEREY. A city in Jfonterey County, Cal.. 120 Miili"^ south by east of San Francisco; on Monterey I?ay. opening into the Pacific Ocean, and on the Southern Pacific TJailroad (Map: California. B 3). The leading industries are farming, cattle-raising, and fishing, but Mon- terey is most important as a resort. It has an admirable site with beautiful surroundings, a climate remark;ibly mild and eijuablc, and tine facilities for bathing. There are interesting spe- cimens of the picturesque arcliitecture left from the S|)anish occupation. The city possesses a public library, and among the many points of in- terest are the San Carlos ilission, the old custom house, and Colton Hall, in which the convention in 1S49 met to frame the State ('(mstitution. Popilation, in 1890, 1002; in 1900, 1748. In 1770 the Spanish established here the mis- sion and presidio of Sun Carlos Borromeo de Monterey. In 1818 the place was cajitured by insurgents. From 1840 to 1845 it was the capital of the province. It was ea])tured and held for a day in 1842 by Commodore .lones (C S. N.), acting under the impression that war had broken out between ilexico and the United States. In 184G (.July 7) the American flag was raised here by Commodore Sloat. and in 1847 Monterey be- came the seat of the military Government of California. The State Constitutional Convention was held here in 1849, and the city was incor- porated in the following year. MONTEREY, Battle of. After the battles of I'alu Alio and Resaea de la Palma (qq.v. ), during the war between the United States and Mexico, Cieneral Taylor remained for some time, at Matamoros, and in September. 1840. with a force of abovit 0700 men jiroceeded against Mon- terey, then strfmgly fortified and defended by about 10.000 Mexicans under General Ampudia. On September 19th he arrived before the city, and on the 21st simultaneous attacks were made by Generals Worth and Garland on the fortified heights west of the city, and the re- doubts on the east respectively. The former suc- ceeded, but the latter was repulsed with consid- erable loss. The fighting continued on the 22d and 23d. General Worth entering from the west and driving the Mexicans before him until they reached a strongly fortified position in the mid- dle of the city. General Ampudia then made overtures of surrender, and on the 24th the terms were finally agreed upon. The Mexicans were to march out of Monterey with their small arms and accoutrements, one field battery, and twenty- one rounds of ammunition, seven days being al- lowed them to evacuate: a mutual armistice ot eight weeks was agreed iipon : and the munitions of war and supplies, together with the city and its fortifications, were to be left in the hands of the Americans. Much dissatisfaction was ex- pressed in the United States, and even by the Administration at Washington, when the terms of this "capitulation" became known, but Taylor fully justified his apparent leniency. During the three days the Americans lost more than 500 in killed and wounded, the Mexicans a very much larger number, though the exact figures have never been determined. Consult: Bancroft. 7/ i.s- torit of Mexico, vol. v. (San Francisco. 1885) ; and Howard, flcnrrnl Taylor (New York, 1892). MONTE ROSA, m.'.n'tA ro'zA. Xext to Mont Blanc- tlic highest peak in the .lps. It is situ- ated on the boundary between Italy and the Swiss Canton of Valais. where the Pennine and the Le- pontine Alps meet (Map: Italv. C'2). It has eight principal peaks, all exceeding 13.000 feet in height, anil the highest, the Dufour Spitze. at-