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* MONTAGU. 744 MONTAIGNE. troduced the practice iato England. During lier travels in the East she wrote her well-known Letters, delightful in themselves and valuable for the light they throw upon the manners and customs of the time. Kelurning to England (171S). the Montagus soon settled near Pope at Twickenham, and Lady Mary became one of the best-known women in London society. Pope had addressed verses to her, and had kept up a cor- respondence during her absence. The friendship was now renewed on more intimate terms, but by 1722 they quarreled. Pope seems to have made a declaration of love, which was met with a burst of laughter. Pope afterwards satirized her as 'Sappho' in various pix'uis. Swift lam- pooned her in The Ca/toii's Tale (1726). In the Epilogue to the liatires (1738) she is accused by Pope of starving a sister and forswearing a debt, and in the Imitations of Horace (1733) a worse charge is brought against her (first satire, 2d book, i. 84). For luiknown cause she left her husband in 173!), and lived abroad for many years. ehicHy in Italy. Her husband died in 1701, and the next year she returned to England, at the request of her daugliter. Lady Bute. She died August 21, 171)2. Consult her Works, edited by her great-grandson. Lord WharnclilVe ( London, 1837: new eds. 1887 and 18!t3). See 1nocii-.- TION. MONTAGUE, mon'tagvi. A town, including several villages. Turner's Falls being industrially the most important, in Franklin County, Mass., separated from Greenlield by the Connecticut Kiver, and on the Fitchburg and the Central Vermont railroads (Map: Massachusetts, B 2). It has two public libraries, and there are exten- sive manufactures of cotton goods, paper, pulp, cutlery, hardware, water-wheels and pumps, soap and toilet articles, bricks. anion buill for the first Duke of Montague. It was bought by the tloveniment at the time of the purchase of the Sloane collection, which, with the Harleian manuscripts and the Cot- tonian library, were deposited in it. forming the nucleus of the British Museiun. The expansion of the museum in the early part of the nine- teenth century made the addition of a wing necessary, and the building was finally replaced bv the present British Museum between 1823 and 1852. (2) A modern building in Whitehall. London, the residence of the Duke of liuccleuch, containing a large collection of pictures and miniatures. MONTAIGLON, mON'tA'gloN'. Axatole de CoiKDK UK I l'>24-!>.i). A French bibliographer and paleographer, bom in Paris. A student at the Eeole des Charles, he obtained his diploma as archivist in 18.50. and held positions succes- sively at the Aluseum of the Louvre, the Arsenal Library, and that of Sainte Cenevi&ve, until he became professor of bibliography at the Ecole des Chartes. His numerous works, wbirh deal chiefly with the origin of French art and litera- ture, include: Mihuoirrs pour seriir <l Vhi.itoire de I'acndfmir roi/ale de peinfure (18.53): Cnta- loi/uc raisonnf de I'wurrc de Claude }tellan d'Abbeville (1858); Xoticc historique et biblio- graphique sur Jea-n PeUrin, dit Ic Viateur ( 1801 ) ; Recueil general et complet des fabliaux des Xllli-mc et A/Ieme siieles (9 vols., 1872- 90) ; and Un voyageur anglais a Lyon sous Henri I. (1881). MONTAIGNE, nu-in-tan', Fr. pron. moN'ta'- ny', MuiiKi. KygiEM de (1.533-92). A great French essayist and moralist. Montaigne got his name from the Chateau Montaigne, near the Dordogne, in Perigord, where he «as born Feb- ruary 28, 1533. The family fortune was begun by ilichel's great-grandfather, a merehant and citizen of Bordeau.x. The essayist's father turned him over to a nurse, who reared him in a hamlet on his father's estate. As he tells us himself, he was awakened in the morning with music, and his father had him so well drilled in Latin that when he went to the College de IJuycnne at Bonlcaux he astounded every one by his Latinity. though he was but six years old. The boy's mother was Antoinette de Loupes (i.e. Lopez), of a .Jewisli family, which liad come from Spain. To judge by Saint Aubin's engraving after the original portrait at the Chateau Montaigne, the essayist had an oval face, a good-sized nose, a wrinkled forehead, high theek bones, and a smallish chin. He wore a short beard, with a moustache, and his mouth < hardly suggests the sweetness of temper so ap- parent in his essays. After eight years under the famous Andr6 de tiovea. master of the Coll&ge de (iuyenne, then the best seliool in France. ilontaigiu> seems to have studied law in Bordeaux and Toulouse till 1554. His essays, however, are scarcely the work of a lawyer, but rather of a genial, ever-inquisi- tive, and usually whimsical humorist. Sooner or later Montaigne skirted most of the hills of knowledge, rarely exerting himself to climb to their lo]is, but seeing very clearly from the level. At the College de tiuyenne he had continued his studies in the language. literatire. and history of Home, and had taken part in the Latin plays written for him and his mates by Buchanan and Muret. This we know from Montaigne's own words: but we also learn from him that he was lazy and careless, and that in reading he followed his whims. At twenty-one. as a y(uuiger son, he was cared for by being mailc a member of the Cour des Aides at Pcrigueux. and thriv years later he was appointed counselor of Parliament at Bor- deaux. Thus he met Etienne de la Boelie (q.v.), and there sprang up Vietween them a friendship that lasted till La Borf^'tie's death in 1503. At thirty-three Montaigne wedded Fran(oise de la Chassaigne, yielding to convention, for he de- clares he "would not have married Wisdom her- self" for his own pleasure. He tells us that he lost "two or three" children in babyhood, but a daughter survived him. Montaigne had done his first literary work in 1508 by translating the Theologia yaturalis of Kaimond Sebond. a Span- iard who had been a professor at Toulouse in the fifteenth century. This book was the text for Montaigne's most famous essay in skepticism, the .ipologie de Kaimond Srhond. In 1570 Mon- taigne edited the literary remains of La Bo<''tie. .After this he seldom left his estate, except for visits to Paris and an eighteen montli*' visit to fiermany. Switzerland, ami Italy in 1580. Of this voyage he left an interesting diary, partly in French and partly in Italian. fir*t published in 1774. and edited" by A. d'Ancona (Cittil di