Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/776

* HOLZA. 698 MOMIERS. MOLZA, m.M'tsa, J-ka,ncksco Mahia (1489- 1544). An Italian poet, lioin at .Mudena. He went as a youth to Konie. and after living lor live years in Modena, returned to liome in 1510. From this time he led a life of reckless dissipa- tion. At times he was in the service of Cardinal Ipiwlito de' Jlediei, and again in that of Car- dinal Alessandro Farnesse. but he wrote much nraeeful verse in the meantime. The most cele- l)rated of his ])oems is the yiiifa Tihrrinu. com- posed in honor of Faustina Mancini. fJaniett compares this ell'ort with Gray's Elfijy for fault- less technique. He wrote, besides this poem, son- nets, burlesques, romances, elegies, and epigrams. His complete works, under the title I'ocsie vol- gari c Inline, were published in 1747-54. His granddaughter, TARgfixiA IIolza (1542-1607), was also a ])oet. Several of her poems have been jirinti'il with the works of her i.'raii(lfatber. MOMBASA, mom-bii'sa, or MOMBAZ. The chief seaport town and capital of the British East Africa Protectorate, situated on a small coral island oil' the coast in lalitute 4° 3' S. and longitude 39° 43' E., about 150 miles north of Zanzibar Island (Map: Africa, H 5). The shores of the island are rocky and abrupt: the island is connected with the mainland by a rail- way line. Mombasa is an important commercial centre, a naval coaling station, and the terminus of the Uganda Railway. It has a fine harbor with an iron pier and a stone wharf. There are remains of ancient buildings which testify to the former prosperity of the place, Init the houses generally ai'c poorly built. Tlic chief object of in- terest is an extensive fort on a scarped rock built in 1500 by the Portugiiese and restored in 1635. Here are the offices and workshops of the British East Africa Comjiany. and a new Euro- pean hospital. The inhabitants, the majority of ■whom are sunk in abject poverty, mostly live in wretched hovels, ilonibasa was visited by Vasco da Gama in 1497. and held by the Por- tuguese during the .greater i)art of the period from 1.529 ti> 109S, when it appears to have become independent. The English held it from 1824 to 1820. after which it passed to Zanzibar, and was ceded in 1S91 to the lni])erial British East -Xfrica Company. .'t present it is under the direct administration of the Crown. Population, in 1901, (■..limatcd. 27.000. MOMBERT, ni*>m1)ert. .TACon Isioou (1829 — ). A Protestant Episco[)al scholar. He was bom at Cassel, Germany. November 6, 1829; studied in England and at Leipzig arid Heidel- berg; became curate at Quebec, Canada. 1857; rector at Lancaster. Pa.. 1859; rector of Saint .lohn's . u'rican Church, Drexlen, Saxony. 1870; returned to .merica in 1S75. and has since devoted himself chiclly to literary work. He has written I'liilli Mclnrioiix, a life of Archdeacon Johann Ebel of Kiinigsberg (1882); Hnmlhook of Ihc F.iKjUxh Vnsiim of thr Itihlr (1883); Grrnt Liirs (188(i); Life of C'liarlvn the Great (1880); .S'/ioi7 Hixtorn of the Cruxmlrit (1894). In 1884 lie brought out a verbatim reprint of the edition of 1530 of William Tyndale's Five linnlK of Mones, with various collations and prolegomena. MOMENT (Fr. momeiil, frcmi Lat. momen- tum, movement, alteration, particle sutricient to turn the scales, moment, from movere. to move. Ski. mir, to push). When portions of matter are in rotation aliout an a.xis. those physical quantities which are used to describe motion of. translation — e.g. force, momentum, inertia, or mass — cease to be useful in expressing the properties of the angular motion. Anal- ogous expressions, however, can be found which are called 'moment of force,' 'moment of mo- mentum,' 'moment of inertia' — all with refer- ence to the axis of rotation, which play the same part in the equations of rotation as do force, momentum, and mass in translation. The mo- ment of a force about an axis is the product of the numerical value of the force by the |)er- pendicular distance from the axis to the line of action of the force. The moment of mo- mentum of a particle about the axis is the product of the momentum by the perpendicular distance from the axis to the direction of the velocity of the particle. (If the particle forms ])art of a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis, the moment of momentum equals the ]>roduct of the moment of inertia and the angidar velocity.) The moment of inertia of a rigiil body about an axis is the summation of a series of terms, »i,r,- + ni.c™- +, etc. (or 2»ir^). where »i, is the mass of a particle of the body and r is its distance from the axis, etc. See Me- chanics. MOMENTUM (Lat.. movement, alteration, particle sulUcient to turn the scales, moment), or Ql'axtity of JIotiox. The ])roduct of the nuxss of a moving particle and its linear velocity. ( It is a vector quantity.) Both terms were used by Galileo; the latter by Xewton. It is a fundamental principle of mechanics (q.v. ) that the numerical value of the influence of any external body in changing the motion of a nmving particle is the rate of change of mo- mentum with reference to the time, or the change in one second if the change is uniform. The total change of momentum in any time equals the 'impulse' of the external force, or the product of the force and the interval of time, if a bullet enters a target, the time required for it to come to rest depends upon its momentum ; but the distance it enters, upon its kinetic en- ergy. Thus to produce a powerful blow a great momentum (nir) is required; but to do destruc- tive damage, great kinetic energy- ('^mr'). If a system of bodies is moving free from external influence, the geometrical sum of the linear momenta of all the bodies of the system remains unchanged regardless of how the momenta of the individual bodies are altered by impacts, explosions, etc. This is called the 'principle of the conservation of linear momentum.' ( lU' geometrical sum is meant the process of ad<ling geometrically the lines which indicilte the mo- menta of the individual boilies of the system.) If a rigid bo<ly is rotating about a fixed axis, the product of its moment of inertia about this axis and its angular vehx'ity is called its 'angular momentum ;' and it play-^ the same part in motion of rotation that linear momentum does in trans- lation. See Mechanics. MOMIERS, mfi'myA' (Fr.. mummers). The name given in derision to a class of evangelical Protestants of Switzerland and ailjacent part~ of Germany and France, which sprang up about 1817. and whose members exhil)ited an uncommon de- gree of fervor in their relisioiis services. They charged the national Church with apostasy from