Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/756

* MOKADDASI. 678 MOLD. He then resumed liis travels and three years later issued a new ami enlarged edition. Mo- kaddasi's travels did ncit reath (|uite as far as those of some otiier .rat)ii- gODgraphers, but, judged by the zeal with which he collected his material," the good sense he showed in sifting it, and the clear and logical arrangement of his work, he is easily the foremost of them all. It has been edited by De Goeje in his liibliotheca (Icofiruphorum Arahicorum, vol. iii. (Dcscriptio Imperii Mosletitici Auctore Al-Mokaddasi, Ley- den, 1S77) ; the part relating to Syria, including Palestine, has been translated into English with notes by Le Strange in tlie Library of ilir Pahs- tine Pilgrims' Text Sociely, vol. iii. (London, 188G). Consult also: Kremer, K nil urgeschichte dcs Orients, vol. ii. (Vienna, 1877); 8prenger, Die Post- und Reise-Rouien des Orients (Leip- zig, 1864) ; Le Strange, Palestine Under the Moslems (London, ISilO). MOKANNA, mo-kiin'na, Al. See Hakim ibn Allah; Mojiammedan Sects. MOKI, mO'ke. A Pueblo tribe of Arizona. See Hopi. MOLA, nio'lA, Pietro Fraxce.sco (e,lfi21- c.lOOS) . An Italian painter, born at Coldre, near C'orno. He was a pupil of Cesari in Rome, and afterwards of Albani at Bologna, Many of his religious works — somewhat in the manner of Gucrcino — were executed for the Popes Innocent X, and Alexander VII, .Just before his death he was invited by Louis XIV, to visit France. Tluring the latter |)art of his life Mola was Prince of the Acailemy of Saint Luke. MOLA DI BARI, mo'la de bii're. A eity in the Province of Bari delle Puglie, Italy, 12 miles by rail from Bari (Jlap; Italy, M G), The ex- ports comprise grain, olives, live stock, and wine. Population, in 1901 (commune), 13,9G2, MOLA DI GAETA, de ga-a'ta. The old name of I'oniiia (i|.v. ), a seaport in South Italy. MOLASSE, niolas' ( Kr. fem. of mol. from Lat. mollis, s(jit). An extensive middle Tertiary de- posit, occupying the central lake region of Switz- erland between the Alps and the .Tura. It con- sists chicliy of sandstone, marls, and limestones, but at the foot of the .lps it usually takes the fonn of a conglomerate called 'Xagel flue,' which is said to attain the astonishing thickness of from 0000 to 8000 feet in some localities. The niolasse includes the Oenigen group of strata, which is remarkable for its fossil insects and plants. MOLASSES, See Sigar, MOLAY, mo'la', .Tacqie.s Bern-aru he (e,124,'?- l:il4). The last grand master of the Templars, He was a native of Burgundy, and entered the Order of Tem))lars in 12(1."). and was elected grand master in 12!IS. .Miout this time Philip IV. of France ( 128.')l.'il4) undertook to carry out the project which he had formed to destroy the Oriler, eliielly becaise the French monarchy was in sore financial straits, and the Templars were very wealthy. With a design to impose upon the credulity of Molay. Philip pretended to be anx- ious for a new crusade, and at his instigation Clement V. called the grand masters of the Tem- plars and Knights of Saint .Tohn to Kurope. The call was answered by Molay. who appeared in France in the filll of 1.10G. accompanied by a chosen band of distinguished knights of the Order. He repaired to Poitiers in 1307 to ren- der his allegiance to the Pope, but nothing'was mentioned about investigating the atl'airs of the Order. Soon after Philip himself appeared before Clement and preferred cliarges, demand- ing the dissolution of the Order. The Pope, wider the influence of Philip — for this was the beginning of the French or Avignon Papacy — directed that an investigation should be under- taken. The King, however, did not await the proceedings of the Pope against the Order, but procured the arrest of every Templar in France, and on October L'!, LiO", .Jaccpies de Molay was seized in the house of the Temple and taken be- fore special commissioners of the Inquisition. Although the Pope was indignant at lliis pre- sumption on the part of Philip, and suspended the power of the Incpiisition in the premises, the King finally compelled him to take part in the action, Molay was examined by a Papal com- mission and confessed the truth of some of the charges under torture, and (ju March 11, 1314, he was ccmdemned to perpetual imprisonment. He, however, inunediately retracted all he had said, and thereupon was burnt the same evening, protesting the innocence of the Order, Consult : Prutz, Eiitic-icklunff und Untcnjunij des Tempel- ' herrenordens (Berlin, 1888) : Lea, Uistory of the Inftiiisilion, voL iii, (Philadelphia, 1888). See Templars. Kxights. MOLBECH, mollieK, Christlvn (1783-1857). A Danish philologist and historian, born at SoriJ, He had a i)osition in the Royal Library at Copenhagen, and was jirofessor of literature in the university of that city from 1820 to 1S43, being simultaneously co-director of the Koyal Theatre, He wrote several works, critical, poet- ical, historical, and |>hilological, the most impor- tant of which is a Danish dictionary (1833), the first of real value ever compiled. He also wrote a Danish dialect lexicon (1833-41) and a Danish glossary (1857; II vols,, 18G(i), His other works include: Danf:J: IJiKind-Ordhofi til RclsKrirnin<js og tiprogrigtigheds Fninnic (1S13) ; Den danske Riimkriinikc (1825) ; Hcnrik Iliirpcstrcngs Liege- boil (1826) ; and Den acldste danske Bibel-Over- swllrlsc . . . (1828), MOLBECH, Christian Knid Frederik (1821SS). A Danish poet and critic, born at Co])enhagen, the son of Christian Molbech. He was professor of Scanilinavian literature at the University of Kiel for eleven years ( 1853-64), and wrote several romantic dramas, such as Klin- tekongens lirud (1845), Ventisbjerget (1842), Dante (1842), and Ambrosius (1.877). and pub- lished collections of poems, such as Killrdrr frn Jcsii Lir (1840), Lgriskc Dii/te og Romancer (1803), Dwmring (18.50). and Efterladte Diglc (1880). As critic and theatrical censor Jlol- bech was in touch with stage matters, and nuich of bis work in this line is of interest. The most valuable eonlribu(i(m he made to the literature of his coimtry was an excellent translation of Dante. Den guddommelige lioniodie (1851), MOLD (AS, HioWr, Ooth, muldn. OHO. molta, dialectic Oer, ^foll, dust, connected with Goth,, (IIK!, mainn, Ger, mahlen, Ir, mrlim. Lith. maiti, Lat. molcre. to grind). A term used somewhat loosely, so that it freipientlv includes the com- mon green, yellow, and black mildews (Penieil- liiun. Aspergillus, and Sterigniatocystis). It should l)e restricted to the large cobweb-like