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* MITCHELL. 628 MITCHILL. MITCHELL, Peteb (1824—). A Canadian lM)lilician. lie was born in Newcastle, New Brunswick, Canada, was educated there, and in 1848 was called to the bar. He served two terms (five years) in the Provincial Parliament, and was appointed life member of the Legislative Council. In 1858 he became a member of the executive Government of New Brunswick, and in 1865 suffered defeat with liis Government on the question of a federal union of all British Amer- ica. In 1SG5, associated with R. D. Wilmot, Maj'or of Saint .Tohn's, he formed an administra- tion in order to test the opinion of the province on the question of confederation, and was presi- dent of the executive committee. When the vote was taken, confederation was carried by 33 to 8. In 1867 he was appointed Senator, but in 1874 resigned. He was Minister of JIarine and Fish- eries in the Cabinet of the Dominion Government in 1867-73, and in 1882 was elected representative in the Dominion Parliament for Northumberland County, N. B. In 1885 he ])urchased the ilon- treal Herald, whidi he conducted for some years. He was in 18!I7 ajjpointed Inspector of Fisheries for the Atlantic provinces. His publications in- clude: A lievieio of President Grant's Recent Message to the United States (.'ongress, Relative to the Canadian Fisheries and the Xarigatinn (if the Saint Laurence River ( 1870) ; and Notes of a Holiday Trip (1880). MITCHELL, S.iuEL Augustus (1792-1808). An American geogiapher. He was born in Bris- tol. Conn., but removed to Philadelphia, where for forty years he devoted himself to cosmo- graphical researcli. lie prepared te.xt-books of geography for the use of spliools. as well as majis anil treatises, which were considered superior to all others of their date. lie published flrncral Viea- of the World (1840); Traveller's Guide Through the United Stales (1850); Universal Alias ( I85I ), and many other works. MITCHELL, (Stlas) Weir (1820-). A dis- tingui^lied .Vnicrican neurologist and man of let- ters. He was liorn in 'irginia. the son of .Tohn Kearsley Mitdiell. a noted Philadelpliia physi- cian. After receiving his baccalaureate degree at the X'niversity of Pennsylvania, he was grad- uated in medicine in 1850 at .Jefferson Medical College. Philadeljihia. After a few years s])ent in general practice. Milchell turned his attentiim almost entirely to diseases of the nervous system, a field in wliidi he early achieved eminence. His special title to fame is derived from his elal)0- ration of the system of '"Ri'st Treatment" which has torne liis name for many years ami has been adopted, with modifications, the woild over. His earliest work of importance consisted of re- searches upon the chemical composition and pliysiological action of the venom of snakes, in ISOfi. and later. He was assistant surgeon to the I'. 8. Hos|)ital for Nervous Diseases (hiring the Civil War, and from that time he lias been a prolitie contributor to medical litera- ture. His scientific literary productions com- prise more than 125 essays ami monographs upon toxicology, coimiarative physiolog-, anil clinical medicine. Besides these productions, which were contributed to medical journals, he has published the following books or i)aMiphlets: "Researches upon the Venom of the Rattlesnake." in Smith- sonian Con trihul inns to Knoulrdge (I860): In- juries of Xerres and Their Conse(iucnccs (1872) ; M'car and Tear, or Hmls for the OverworkedHth cd. 1874) ; Fat and Jituud, and Hotv to ilulce Them (4th ed. 1885) ; Lectures on Diseases of the ervous Si/steni. Fspecialli/ in ^Vonnn (2d ed. 1885) ; A Doctor's Century (1887) ; Doctor and I'aticnt (1887) ; Clinical Lectures on Ner- vous Diseases (18'.)7). Dr. Jlitchell first turned his attention to fic- tion and general literature during the Civil War, when he wrote The Children's Hour, to be sold during the great fair of the Sanitary Commission in Pliiladelphia. Among other pieces of juvenile fiction was Tiic Wonderful Stories of Fuz-hus, the Fly. and Mother Grabcni, the Spider ( 1867). Of his short stories, the most notable was The Case of George Dedlow (1803). His first nov- els were He/ihzibali Guinness (1880). Thee and Thou, and .1 Draft on the Bank of Spain (pub- lished in the same year). Others followed, including: In War Time (1885): Roland lilake (1SS6); Far in the Forest (1889); Character- istics (1892) : 117ic;i .4// the Woods Are Green ( 1894) ; Hugh Wynne. Free Quaker (1897) ; The Adventures of Francois (1899) ; Dr. North and His Friends (1900) ; and Circumstances (1901). These stories deal with different historical and contemjiorary types of character, and are to be distinguished from the popular novels of their class by rather more insistence than is common on psychological and pathological analysis. Hugh Wynne is generally conceded to rank among the best stories of the American Revolu- tion yet written. MITCHELL, Sir Thomas Livingstone (1792- ls5.")i. An Kiiiilish explorer. He was born in Stirliiigsliire. Scotlanii, began his service in the British Army in the Pi'iiinsular campaign of 1808, ami in 1826 was promoted to be major. He was then sent to make surveys and plans of the Peninsular battle-fields. In 1827 he published Outlines of a System of Surreying for Geograph- ical and Military Purpo.ics. anil was iinule Deputy Surveyor-General of New South Wales. Besides attending to the routine work of this ollice he led a number of exploring expeditions into the in- terior of Australia. In 1835 he traced the course of the river Darling, which he followed, in 1836, as far as the .Murray River, with which it unites. In the same expedition he tullowed the (ilenelg River to the ocean. He gave the world the results of his explorations in his Three Fxprdilions Into the Interior of Eastern Aus- tralia (1839). He went to England in 1839, and on his return to .ustralia conducted a fourth exploring expedition, in which he vainly at- tempted to reach the Gulf of Carpentaria. In 1S5 he piiblishcil a school gcograpliy for use in New Soutli Wales under the name of Australian Grographg. and in 1854 The Lusiad of Camocna Closely Tra nslafed. MITCH'ILL, Samuel Latham (1764-1831). An .iiieriiaii scientist, born at North Hempsteail, Long Island. N. Y. He grailuatcd in medicine at the I'nivcrsity of Kdinbiirgh in 1786. and was ap]iointed. in 1792. |irofessnr of chemistry, nat- ural history, and philoso])hy in Columbia f^ollege. In 1796 he made a (.'eological and mincralogical (our nlonir the Hudson. .loinUy with Dr. Ed- ward Aliller and Elisha II. Smith he established the quarterly Medical Repository, of which he was for eighteen years the editor. He several times respresented liis district in the State Legis-