Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/705

* MITCHELL. 627 pseudonym, A Bachelor's lieicries (more recent- ly renamed Reveries of a Bachelor) and Dream l.ifc. In 1853 Mitchell became L'nited States Consul at Venice. On his leturn. in 185.5, he ljuut;ht a farm (known as "Edgewood") near New Haven. Conn. From this place lie has issued books dealini;, in an agreeable mixture of philosophy, farming, and anecdote, with the joys of country life: My l-'arm of Edgen-ood ( 18(i3) ; Wet. Dai/sat Edyewood (18t!5) ; Kural HtudieK, icith Hints for Country Places (IStiT); a novel of a religious sort. Dr. Johns (1866); and several books of travel and sketches, such as Keren. Ktories, irith Basement and Attic (1864) ; and Enejlisli Lands, Utters, and Kings (1889). MITCHELL, EiJsii. (1703-1857). An Amer- ican scientist, born in Washington, Conn. He graduated at Yale in 1813, and was ordained into the Presbyterian ministry in 1821. After teaching in Yale he became professor of mathe- matics and natural philosophy at the University of North Carolina in 1817, aiid in 1825 professor of chemistrj', mineralogy-, and geology' at the same institution.' In the capacity of State Surveyor he ascended a number of the North Carolina mountains, and was finally killed by a fall from ■I |)recipice on a mountain (now Jlount Mitchell) which he had just ascertained to lie the highest in the United States east of the Rockies. This sum- mit is called Mitchell's Peak, or Beach Dome, and the discoverer's body is buried on the sum- mit. His works include a series of reports on the geology of North Carolina (1826-27) ; Elements (}f Geology xrith an Outline of the Geology of orth Carolina (1842); and various articles which he contributed to scientific publications. MITCHELL, Henry (1830—). An Ameri- can hydraulic engineer.brother of Maria Jlitchell, the astronomer (q.v.). He was born in Nantucket, was educated in private schools, anil early devoted himself to the study of tides and river currents, being first employed by the United States Coast Survey to report on the waters about Nantucket and jiartha's Vineyard. After assisting the com- missioners on harbor encroachments in New Y^ork City and discovering the underflow of the Hudson (1859), Mitchell was consulting engineer to the United States Commission on Boston Harbor (18G0-67), and member of the commission: in 1867 was sent to study the decline of Greytown harbor, Nicaragua; and in 1874 was appointed a niemlier of tlie board of engineers to improve the mouth of the Mississippi. In 1879 he visited the Suez Canal and reported on it. Mitchell was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1885, and in 1888 retired from active business. His papers on phvsieal hydrology mostly ap- peared in the United States Coast Survey Re- ports. MITCHELL, Hinckley Gilbert (1846—). An .merican Orientalist, born at Lee, N. Y., and eilueated at esleyan University (1S73) and the Divinity School of Boston University (1876). After studying at Leipzig, he jireached in the Methodist Episcopal church at Fayette. N. Y., tauL'ht at Wesleyan (1880-83). and in 1883 went to Boston University as instructor and (1884) nrofessor of Heb*ew and Old Testament exegesis. He lieeame one of the foremost scholars of the Methodist Church. His publications include: Hebrew LessmiS' (1884 and 1897) : .4mo.s (1893), a translation of Piepenbring's Theology of the MITCHELL. Old Testament (1S93); and Isaiah, chapters i.-xii. (1900). MITCHELL, .John (M768). An Anglo- American physician. He .settled at Urbana, 'a., about 17U0, and gained recognition as a botanist. It was after him that the Milehella repens was named by Linnieus. He wrote, among various works: Xova Plantarum Genera (17-tl); and an Essay on the Causes of Different Colors of People in Different Climates (1744); but his name is best known in connection with A Map of the British and French Dominions in North America (1755), which was credited to him and was once standard. MITCHELL, John Ke.rsley (1798-1858). An American physician, born in Shepherdstown, Va. He went to'Scotland as a child and studied in Ayr and Edinburgh. After his return to the United States he graduated at the iledieal Col- lege of the Univefsitv of Pennsylvania in 1819. Before he settled in Philadc-l|ihia in 1822 as gen- eral practitioner he made three voyages to the Far East as ship's surgeon. In 1820 he became professor of medicine and physiology- at the Phil- adelphia Medical Institute, and in 1833 professor of chemistry at the Franklin Institute. From 1S41 to 1858 he was professor of the theory and practice of medicine in Jefferson Medical Col- lege. Besides contributions to scientific and med- ical periodicals his works include: Saint lldcna, a Poem by a Yankee (1821); On the Wisdom, Goodness and Poicer of God as Illustrated in the Properties of Water (1834) ; Indecision, a Tale of the Far We.st, and Other Poems (1839) ; On the Cryptogumous Origin, of Malarious and Epi- demic Fevers (1849); and the posthumous Five Essaysi on Variou.i Chemical and Medical Suh- jects (1858), brought out by his son. S. Weir Mitchell (q. v.). MITCHELL, Maegaret Julia (popularly known as :Ia(gie Mitchell) (1832—). An American actress. She was born in New Yrork, and when very young went upon the stage. She made her first regular appearance as Jvilia in The Soldier's Daughter at tlie Clumibers Street Theatre, New York, in 1851. In 1868 she mar- ried ^Ir. Paddock, her manager. Her favorite roles w-ere Jane Eyre, ilignon. Little Barefoot, and Fanchon the Cricket, in wliieh last she achieved a notable success. MITCHELL, Maria (1818-89). An Ameri- can astronomer, born at Nantucket, Mass. Her father, a school teacher in Nantucket, gave much attention to astronomy, in which subject she herself at an early age became greatly interested. She devoted herself especially to the stud.v of nebulie and comets, and in 1847 published an account of the discovery of a new- telescopic comet, for w-hich she received a gold medal from the King of Denmark. During the next ten years she was employed by Ihe Coast Survey and as- sisted in eomiiilin.L' the Nautical .Mmanac. In 1857 she traveled in Europe, visiting the prin- cipal observatories and meeting the principal astronomers; and in 1865 she became professor of astronomy in Vassar. She was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and also of the American Academ.v of Arts and Sciences, of which she w-as the first female member admitted. Her numerous scien- tific papers still remain uncollected.