Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/673

* MISSIONS. 601 MISSIONS. In ISS.T Ai-chbi»lio|i Moiaii. of Sydney, was made a cardinal, and in the same year he licld the first council in Australia. There are in Aus- tralia at present archbishops, 10 bishops, about I'.ilO priests, and nearly 800.000 Catholics. In 1800 there were subject to the authority of (lie Congregation of the Propaganda 10.107,723 Catholics in America, .sia, .frica. and Oceanica, a- against l.i.208,400 in 180.5. These figures in- clude only Catholics of the Latin rite. At the same period ( 1899) there were subject to the au- thority of the Propaganda 5,511,782 Catholics of these Oriental rites that recognize the juris- diction of Rome. Of this number .30.000 were Ethiopians, 20,500 Copts, 107,000 Armenians, 1.048,710 Greek-Rumanians, 3,54.3,5!)3 Greek- Kuthenians. 13.000 Greek-Bulgarians. 2.50 Hel- lenes. 22.700 Syrians, 72,000 Svro-Chaldeans, 277,000 Maronites, 200,329 Syro-Malabars, 110,- 700 Greek-Melehites. In Asiatic territory, the Catholics of Latin rite are divided as follows: Asiatic Turkey, 120,080; Hindustan, 1,178,325: Indo-China." 827.030; Malay Archipelago. .50.280: Chinese Empire, 532,048: Korea, 30,000; .Japan, 53,872. In Africa the missions to the savages count 458,170 converts. The most active missionary body of the Roman Catholic Church is the Society of .Jesus. A quasi- official statement found in the hettres des mis- sionnaires jesuites (Paris. 1903) gives the exact number of Jesuit missionaries at 3249. The fol- lowing distribution by nationalities is given in the same source, with an indication of the coun- tries for which each nationality is chiefly em- ployed. There are 790 Frenchmen, working prin- cipally in Madagascar, Egypt, Armenia, Syria, China, Ceylon, and India ; 222 Belgians, in India, Ceylon, and the Congo region : 53.5 Germans and Austnans, in India and North and South Amer- ica ; 05 Dutchmen, in .Java. Sumatra, and Flores; 09 Americans, in Jamaica. British Honduras, and among the North American Indians: 590 Italians, in Inilia, Brazil, and the western part of the United States : 785 Spaniards, in Cuba, South America, and the Philippines; 41 Portuguese, in Goa, Macao, and the Zambezi country: 152 Eng- li.shmen and Irishmen, in South Africa. British Guiana, and Australia. These numbers, of course, only include those .Jesuits who are engaged in strictly missionary work. The A nnre de I Efjlisc (Paris, annually) gives similar details not only for the Society of Jesus, but also for the foreign missions of the Dominicans, Franciscans, Laza- rists, and the Picpus Society. The annual statis- tics of the Heminaire des Missions Elrangirts are likewise published in it. Besides the Lvltrcs quoted above, the .Jesuits have published at Frei- burg since 1873 a periodical entitled Oic kiilhu- lisrhen Missionen, which gives full details of their iiwn work in this direction. l!iBLiOGR.pnY. There does not exist any single work which gives a satisfactory view of the vast and complicated field of Roman Catholic missions. The following works are suggested as guides rather than as an exhaustive literature. For the Propaganda: O. Meyer (Protestant). Die Propafianda (Giittingen, 1852) ; Bangen (Catho- lic), Die rrimische Curie (Miinster, 1854); Phillips, KirchenrecJit. vol. vi. (Regensburg, 1804) ; Humphrey. U»'6.s et Orbis. or the Pope as Ptishop and as Pontiff (London. 1899). For general statistics: The latest and most reliable ecclesiastical geographies, with admini-^trative divisions, sulidivisions, maps, and summaries of statistics, are those of U. Werner. S. J., Orbis Terruruni Catholicus, etc. (Freiburg, 1890); Atlas des missions eatholiques (ib., 1880): Katholiseher Kirclienatlas (ib.. 1.S88). In the «ork of Louvet, Lrs missions eatholiques au XlXime siicle (Paris, 1898), are to be found an outline history and statistics of all Catholic missions during the last century, {.'onsult. also. Oudin. in sirric ( 1800-1900) ." pp. 401-73. 790- 810 (Paris. 1901). Marshall. Catholic .Missions (London, 1S02), is of a polemical character. Die katholisehe Kirche (Leo-Ciesellschaft. Vienna. 1898, et seq. ) is a work in several volumes, now in coui'se of publication, destined to exhibit a general view of the entire Roman Catholic Church. Consult, further: Neher, Der Missions- verein, oder diis Werk der (Haubensverbreitung, etc. (Freiburg. 1894) : Govau. he Vatiean (Paris, 1898). The names of" the principal offi- cers of the Roman Church may be founcl in La gerarchia eattoliea (Rome, annually, official). Consult, also, L'annuaire pontijical eatlioliijue (Paris, annually). Catholic Directories and Almanacs: Most Catholic national churches have official or quasi-official publications known as directories or almanacs. England, Scotland, and Ireland have each a Catholic Dircctoiy or Register. For the United States there arc Hoff- man's Catholie Directory (Milwaukee) and tS'nrf- lier's Catholie Directory (New York). The ec- clesiastical statistics of France are found in the annual compilation, he clerg6 frangais (Paris) ; those of Canada in Le Canada ecclcsiastique (Montreal) ; for Italy one may consult the Anmiario ecclesiastico (Rome) and the (luida ecclesiastiea d'ltalia (Savona, 1885) : for Spain. the Guida del estado ecelesiastieo. published from time to time at Madrid. The iitatesman's Year Book (London) and Whit taker's Almanack (ib.) may be consulted with profit. French Missions: The best account of the missions of the Roman Catholic Church in France is that of Kannengiesser. Les mis- sions eatholiques: France et AUemagne (Paris, 1900). For a sununary of this work, con- sult Shahan. "The Catholic Missionaries in France and Germany." in the Catholie World (New York) for October. 1900. Before the |)ub- lication of this work. Keller, Les congregations religieuses en France (Paris, 1880), was the standard work on the details of the missionary labors of the congregations. Piolet, Les missions eatholiques frangaises au XlXeme siecle (Paris, 1900-03 ), may also be consulted. German Missions: The work of Kannengiesser gives the statistics of German Roman Catholic missions to 1900. Consult, also, the f^cheniatis- mus der riiniisch-katholisehcn Kirche des driit- schen Reiehes (Freiburg, annually); and for Austria, Hehematismus des gesammten kalho- lischen Reiehes Oesterreieh-Vngarns (Vienna) ; also the Kloster-f?ehematis>nus fiir das deutsche Reich (.3d ed.. Paderborn, 1899); Goyau. ^.'4?- lemagne religieuse (Paris. 1899): and Kamieu- giesser, Les eatholiques allcmnnds (Paris. 1893). Mission Periodicals: The Congregation of the Propaganda publishes from time to time (1880- 98) the ilissiones Cnlholicw. containing official statistics of its missions. The Wtn'k of the Propaganda of the Faith publishes frequently each year the Annates de la propagation de hi foi (Paris), and a similar Annates is publi-ihed by