Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/64

* HABCEL. 44 MARCH. July 31. 1358. For a it-w iiiontlis lie had been the most powerful man in France. It is impossible now to jnilyo his condufl or his aims with ccr- taintv. Consult Lavisse, Uisloire tk- France, vol. iv., part i. (Paris. 1902), and the works cited tb<-r<-. MAB CELLITJUS, Saint. Bishop of Rome, or I'ope. 2'.Mi;i04. He was born in Komc. but lit- tle is known of his life or administ ration. There is an account of a synod held at Siiuicssa in 303 or 304, at which .Marccllinus is said to have con- fessed thai, at the instance of Dioch'tian. he had ■' olFercd incense to N'esta and Isis. The synod is said to have deposed ilarccllinus, who, with manv members of the synod, was put to death by IJicicletian. The story is denied by Au'.nistine and Theodoret. and is not credited by either the Roman Catholics or the Protestant controver- sialists. The Roman Church coninicmoratcs ilar- ccllinus on .pril 24th. Consult l)r.llin;,'er. Fahlcs J{rxi,.iti,<,i Ih, I'uiics of lliv MUlillc Ages (New York, 1871). MABCELLO, mArchel'lA. Benedetto (IGSG- lT:t!M. . Italian composer. He studied music under Casparini and Lotti, and is chielly known for a mass, the oratorio (liiulelto. the opera I'xiiche. and the music to (iiustiniani's para- phrase of tifty Psalms. The characteristics of his musical style" are melody, simplicity, and a soind good taste". He was aiso an instructor of wide reputation, and a conservatory at Venice is named after him. He wrote the satire II Icatro ulla moila (1720). MARCELXTTS. The name of two popes. M.MH ti.l.rs I.. Saint, Pope .308.300, a Roman by birth, electi'd after an interrc;;num of four years due to the persecution of Diocletian. A new out- break under .Maxentius drove him from Rome, the attention of the heathen atithoritics being directed to him by his severity against tiie lapsed. He died in exile, but his body was brought back to Rome and l)uried in the Cemetery of Priscilla with that of hi* pre.lecessor. Marcel- linns. — M.MicEl.l.fS 11.. P.>. Marcello Cer- vini degli Spannocchi. lie wa^; born in 1.501 at Monte|)ulciano. and made Bi^liop of Xicastrn and Cardinal in I.'i30. He was one of the legates ap- pointed to preside over the Coiuicil of Trent, and was elected Pope in spite of the opposition of the Im|H'rial parly. His reign, however, for which his clmracter and learning bad given great hopes, lasted only twenty-two days. He disliked the new polyphonic music, and was thinking of prohibiting its nM> in church when Palcstrina wrote hi-i famous "Mi-;sa Pap:r Marcelli," had it ji rMieil in the presence of the Pope, and SO charmed liini that he withilrew his opposition. MARCELLTJS, iI.Rrts Ci.ai niis. (1) A fiiiiious Unman general. He belonged to a distin- guished plelM-ian family. He was consul for the first time in li.c. 222. and obtained a decisive vic- tory over the Insubrians in Cir-atpine (!aul, slay- ing with his own hand their King. Britomartus or Viridomarus. whose spoils he ilidieateil to .Tupi- ter. and was honored with a triumpli. *This was the third and last occasion in Roman hislnry on which xpiiUn npimn were ofTcred to .lupiter Feretrius. In the Second Punic War Marccllus fought as prietor. in n.f. 21li against Hannibal at Nobi. in Campania; and the victory which he pained was the more important, .ts if showed that Hannibal wa« not invincible, and that the Romans had not been irreparably overthrown at Canna?. In the course of two years he thrice repul.sed the Carthaginian general at this place. Being consul again in B.C. 214. he was intrusted with the command of the war in Sicily. He tonk Leontini, massacring in cold blood 2000 Roman deserters whom he found there, and then ad- vanced against Syracuse, which he tried to Btorni. All his ciVorts were rendered unavailing by the skill of Archimedes, and he was compelled to blockade the city. Famine, pestilence, and ul- timately treachery on the part of the Spanish auxiliaries of the Syracusans enabled ilarcellus to make himself master of the place (n.c. 212), after which the remainder of Sicily was soon brought under the dominion of the Romans. In li.c. 210 he was again consul, and was again op- posed to Hannibal, with whom he fought an in- decisive battle at Numistro, in Lucania, and by whom he was defeated at Canusium. in .pulia, in B.C. 200, but on the day following retrieved the defeat. In B.C. 208 he "was for the fifth time elected to the consulate, and assumed oiicc more the command of the Roman army against Han- nibal. When out reconnoitring one day he fell into an ambuscade and was slain. (2) A de- scendant of the above, the son of Augustus's sister Octavia, born B.C. 43. In B.C. 2.-j the Emperor adopted him as his son and successor, and mar- ried his daughter Julia to him. but two years later the young man died. The famous lines of Vergil (.KiifiV/. vi. 800-880) refer to his death. Augustus named a theatre in Rome in his honor. MARCELLTJS, Ttieatke of. A theatre in Rome, begun by Julius CiTsar. completed by Augustus in B.c". 13. and named for his ncjilicw and son-in-law Marcellus. The stage lay toward the river. The semicircular portion is similar to the Coliseum, and is built of travertine with Doric arcades in the lower tier and Ionic in the upper. The pilasters of the attic were Corin- thian and the windows were rectangular. The theatre could seat about 13..')00 spectators. In the fourth century some of the travertine blocks were used in restoring the Cestian bridge. In the eleventh century the building was turned into a stronghold of the Pierleoni, and in the four- teenth century it was purchased by the Savelli, upon whose extinction it pa.ssed to the Orsini in 1712. The palace of the latter family stands upon the stage and scats which are buried under fifteen feet of modern soil. Many eorriilors and chambers of the original building are ))reserved and are used as offices of the palace, The remains of the Doric arcades are used as low shops. MARCH. See Marching. MARCH. Sec iloNTU. MARCH (OF.. Fr. marche, from Ooth.. OHO. niarha. C.cr. Mark, AS. mrnrc, Ixuder: C(mnectcd with Lnt. niarfio. Olr. hrii. Welsh. Corn, hrn, Av. m;>r,);r». boumlary). . term aiiplicd in Eng- land iluring the early Middle Ages and later to the frontier or border line between F.ngland and Wales and between F.ngland and Scotland. In Anglo-Saxon times the word appears under the form Mercia as the name of the most western of the English kingdoms. See Mark. In Scotland the word came into common use to designate the boundaries of real property, corrc- -|...ii.liie.' (o the Knglish term boundary (q.v.). mXrCH, miirK (Lat. Mnriif:. Slav. }fr>rapa). A tributary of the Danube and the principal