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* MILNE-EDWARDS. 521 MILO. division of labor. His goiieral work on Crustacea is still a valuable and standard work. MILTJEB, Sir Alfred ( 1854—). An English colonial Cuvernor, born at Bonn, Germany. IIo studied at King's College, London, and at lialliol College, .ford, where he graduated with a lirst cla.ss in classics. For a short time he was fellow of New College, Oxford, then studied law, and from 1882 to 1885 devoted himself to journalism. His service as private secretary to G. J. (after- wards Lord) Gosehen, Chancellor of the Exehe(|- uer( 1887-89), began his public career. He (iroved an able Under-Secretary for Finance in Egypt (1889-92), and wrote Eiujliind in lUlUpt (1892). After five years as chairman of tlic Inland Rev- enue Board. Milner was appointed High Conunis- sioner of South Africa and (Jovernor of the Cape of Good Hope. He held the former post through the difficult period preceding the second Boer War, as well as afterwards; was made a K.C.B. in 1895, and created a baron in 1901 and a vis- count in 1902. and in 1901 was appointed Gov- ernor of the Transvaal and Orange River Colonies. MILNER, John (1752-1826). An English Roman Catholic scholar. He was born in Lon- don, Otober 14, 1752; was ordained priest in 1777: settled at Winchester in 1779, and became titular Bishop of Castabala in 1803. In 1804 he moved to Wolverhampton and entered into the agitation which finally led to the removal of the right of veto on appointment of Roman Catholic bishops as part of Peel's Catholic Relief Act passed in 1829. His firmness and courage in the controversy won him the sobriquet 'Tlie English Athanasius.' He died at Wolverhamp- ton, April 19, 1820. His permanent fame rests upon his Antiquities of Winchester (2 vols., 1798-1801 ; 3d ed. with memoir by Husenbeth, 1839) ; Treatise oh the Ecclesiastical Architec- ture of England Duriny the Middle Af/cs (1811; 3 ed. 1835) ; The End of Religious Controversy (1818). Consult his Life bv Husenbeth (Dublin, 1802). MILNER, ,JoHx (1752-1826). An English ecclesiastical historian. He was born at Leeds, in Yorkshire. He studied at Catharine Hall, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1766, and afterwards became head-master of the grammar school at Hull. In 1768 he was ap- pointed lecturer at Holy Trinity or High Church, Hull, and later became also vicar at North Fer- rihy. near Hull. He belonged to the Evangelical School and was not popular with certain of his parishioners. Milner's principal w-ork is his His- tory of the Church of Christ, of which he lived to complete three volumes, reaching to the thir- teenth century (1794-97) ; vols. iv. and v. (1803- 09) were edited from his MSS. by his brother, Dr. Isaac ^lilner. dean of Carlisle, who also pub- lished a complete edition of his brother's works in eight volumes ( ISIO). The principles on which the History of the Church of Christ is written are of the narrowest kind of Evangelicalism; the scholarship is poor, the literary merit still poorer, and the critical insight poorest of all. A greatly improved edition by Grantham ap- peared in 1847. A life of Milner by his brother Isaac is prefixed to the first volume of Milner's Practical Sermons (3d ed., London, 1804-23, 3 vols. ). MILNER-GIBSON, TnoiiA.s. See Gibson, TUOMA.S JI11.NER-. MILNES, miln'z. Ricn.vRn Moxcktox, Barorr Houghton (1809-85). An Knglisli poet and poli- tician, .son of Robert I>nd)crton ^lilnes, of Frys- ton Hall, near Wakefield, Yorkshire, born in ]>ondon, June 19, 1809. He was educated at Trin- ity College, Cambridge, where he was a member of the famous society called the 'Apostles,' which included Hallam and Tennyson. Soon after re- ceiving the degree of JI.A. (1831) he traveled in Germany and Italy and visited Greece. He returned to London in 1835. In 1837 he entered Parliament for Pontefract, which he continued to represent till 1863. when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Houghton. In politics he was at first a Conservative, but on Peel's con- 'ersion to free trade he became an Independent Liberal. He was an advocate of public education and religious equality; labored for copyright laws and the establishment of reformatories for juvenile oflfenders; and took a decided stand on the side of Itah' against Austria. A friend of literaiy men, he secured a pension for Tennyson, helped Hood, and was one of the first to recognize the merits of Swinburne. Throughout life he was an extensive traveler. In 1842-43 he visited the East, and in 1875 Canada and the United States. He died at Vichy, August II, 1885. Among Lord Houghton's works are; Memorials of a Tour in Some Parts of Greece, Chiefly Poetical (1834) ; Poems of Many Years (1838) ; Poems Legendary and Historical (1844); and Palm Leaves (1844). He contributed to the magazines, published several speeches and pam- phlets, and edited The Life, Letters, and Literary Remains of Keats (1848). Consult his interest- ing Monographs, Personal and Social (London, 1873) ; Collected Poetical Works (ib.. 1870) ; the character of Vavasour in Disraeli's Tancrcd : and Reid, Life, Letters, and Friendship of 11. M. Milnes (London. 1890). MI'LO. An island in the Cyelades. See ilELOS. MILO (Lat.. from Gk. miov, Milon) of Cro- ton. in -Magna Graecia. A Greek athlete famous for his great strength, who lived, according to Herodotus, about B.C. 520. He won tiie prize as wrestler in six Olympian, seven Pythian, ten Isthmian, and nine Nemean games. Among other displays of his strength, he is said to have on one occasion carried a live ox upon his shoulders through the stadium of Olympia. and afterwards to have eaten the whole of it in one day; and on another to have u|)held the pillars of a house in which Pythagoras and his scholars were as- sembled, so as to give them time to make their escape when the house was falling. He lost his life through too great confidence in his own strength, when he was getting old, in attempting to split up a tree, which closed upon liis hands, and held him fast until he was devoured by wtdves. MILO, Titus Annii's Papiants (b.c. 95-48). A Roman politician. He was born at Lanuvium. and belonged to a distinguished family. Few de- tails of his life are known till his election as tribune of the people in n.c. 57. He was then a partisan of Pompey.and attempted to bring about the recall of Cicero from exile. This measure was bitterly opposed by Clodius. who. as tribune of the people, had been instrumental in passing the law condcnming Cicero to exile. Milo attempted to have Clodius condemned as a violator of the