Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/557

* MILK. 5U3 MILK FEVER. Thp fornicr, consisting' almost entirely of fat, supplies energy; the latter, containing protein in addition to fat, supplies both building material and energy. There are at least four distinct fermented bev- erages prepared from milk — kephir (ci.v. ), kou- miss (q.v. I. niatzoon ((j.v. I. ancl leben. They are properly classed as food beverages, and are often recommended for the sick and for eoiivalesecnts., number of special foods are made from the dry casein of milk and are used to a considerable extent by physicians to siqiply protein in a readily digestible form. The allmminoids of milk are used in the manufacture of egg sul>stitutes. Jlilk sugar prepared from whey is an important article of diet for invalids and is used in medi- cine and in other ways. BiBLiouRAPiiv. The literature of milk is ex- tensive. In addition to the publications of the Dairy Division of the United States Department of .griculture and the bulletins of the various ex- periment stations, the following works may be menti.med: Fleischmann, The Book of the Dairy, A Manual of the Science and Practice of Dairy TVorA-, trans, by Aikman and Wright (London, ISilfi) ; Wing, ililk and Its I'rodnrts ( Xew York, 1897) : Snyder, Chemistry of Dairying (Kaston, Pa., 1897) ; Aikman. Milk: Its Xaiure and Com- position: A Handbook on the Chemistry and Bacteriology of Milk, Butter, and Cheese {London, 1895) ; Richmond. Dairy Chemistry : A Practical Handbook for Dairy Chemists and Others Having Control of Dairies (London, 1899) ; Russell, Dairy Bacteriology (Madison. Wis., 1897) ; Conn. Bacteria in Milk aud Its Products (Philadel- phia. 1903) : Farrington and Woll. Testing Milk and Its Products (Madi.son, Wis., 1898) : Mon- rad. Pasteuri::ation and Milk Preservation (Win- netka. 111., 1901) ; De Rothschild, Bihliographia Lnetnria (contains 8375 titles) (Paris, " 1901 ) : Ilogan. Hoir to Feed Children (Philadelphia. 1890) : Holt. Disea.ses of Infancy and Cliildhood (New York. 1899) ; C'hapin, Theory and Practice of Infant Feeding (Xew York. 1902) ; Farmer's Bulletins Xos. .'t2, 7'i. United States Department of Agriculture. MILK CURE. The treatment of di.sease in the adult by the use of milk as a diet. In the milk cure all other food and drink is suspended for a time. Acting upon the information that milk requires about three hours for complete digestion, four ounces of milk are taken by the patient every three hours, beginning on rising in the morning. In a few days, one or two tum- blerfuls are taken at a time, in place of the smaller quantity. Usually a patient takes two quarts a day; in some eases the total amount reaches five quarts. It is generally administered warm. In cases of stomachic or intestinal dis- orders, the milk is allowed to stand for twenty- four hours, and is then skimmed before being administered. Lime water, in the proportion of one-fourth of the bulk, overeomes the patient's repugnance to the diet and renders it more easy of digestion. Or the milk may be flavored with coffee, cocoa, salt, or caramel, .fter two or three weeks of strict milk diet, it is advised that a little stale bread be added, three tiines a day. . week later, about two tablespoonfuls of rice or .a little arrowroot is aihleil. .t the fifth week a chop is given once a day. and a few days later two chops a day are allowed. At the end of the sixth week lull meals of various foods are resumed, milk continuing to be a principal part of the diet. Colfee, or aloes, or laxative mineral water is employed to overcome the con- stipation incident upon a milk diet in adults. The milk cure is successful in some cases of dyspepsia, gastric ulcer, chronic intestinal indi- gestion, enteralgia, chronic diarrh(ea and dysen- tery. In the treatment of ascites of hepatic origin, it has been used since the days of Hip- pocrates, who refers to it. It has also proved eflicacious in diabetes, eczema, gout, aneurism, and cardiac disease. MILK FEVER (in Women). Coincidently with the appearance of milk in the brea.sts of a mother who has given birth to a child three or four days previously, there is a slight general rise of temperature, accompanied by an accel- erated pulse, and in some cases a diminution of the lochial discharge. Tlie breasts become swollen, hot, and rosy, and somewhat sensitive. Many women in robust health sutTer no discom- fort : some have no rise of temperature. No treatment other than relief of existing constipa- tion is necessary. MILK FEVER, Pabturient Apoplexy, or Parturient Pare.sis. A disease of cows, espe- cially good milkers of improved breeds and in good condition at time of calving. As the most important jiredisposing causes of the disease veterinarians have long recognized confinement in improperly ventilated stables, higli temperature, electrical disturbances, constipation, mature age, and calving. Later writers regard the cause as ptomain poisoning originating in the udder and affecting the brain and central nervoi's system. The di.sease never follows the first calving, and rarely follows the second. One attack seems to predispose toward anotlier. It appears in two forms, apoplectic and torpid. In the apoplectic form the cow suddenly bec-onu's dull, allows the head to droop, and staggers in attempting to walk, falls, and lies either on the breast-bone, with the head turned around to the right, and resting on the muzzle, or stretched out on the side. The pupil of the eye is dilated, and the head and horns are hot ; the bowels and bladder soon become torpid or completely paralyzed, and fail to operate unless recovery takes place. In the torpid form there is no marked fever and no congestion of the head. The animal slowly becomes drowsy and weakened, falls down, and. unless relieved, finally succumbs. Insensi- bility is a pronounced symptom in the later stages of both forms. The ustial treatment consists in the adminis- tration of Epsom salts, and doses of 20 to 30 drops of tincture of aconite. Ice is applied to the head in the apopleetic form. After the symptoms of fever and constipation abate, stinuilants are administered until the cow is able to stand. Recently satisfactory results have been obtained from a method known as the Schmidt treatment, which consists in injecting an infusion of ten grammes of potassium idodide into the udder. If no improvement is noted, the dose may be repeated after 24 hours. . large per- centage of cases recover from the first dose. modification of the method, which has also given good results, consists in L'iving hypodermic in- jections of iodide of potash.