Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/540

* MILIARIA. 486 MILITARY ACADEMY. MILIA'RIA (I.at. iViii. sj;. of miliarius, rc- latiii;.' tu millet, from milium, niilk't). . struc- tuial all'ec'tion of the sweat glands, caused by an obstruction to the sweat secretion, and gen- erally accompanied by inflammation. It is classed with the skin diseases. In miliaria crystallina, or sudumiiia, the non- inflammatory form, the lesion consists of minute, pearly vesicles set closely together, but always discrete, generally appearing on the neck, chest, and abdomen, but sometimes in other parts of the body. The vesicles appear rapidly, and depart in a few days. Invasions of fresh crops may occur, thus continuing the erui)tion for weeks. In miliaria vesiculosa, or rubra, inllanimation occurs in the gland, and the vesicles appear as if raised on a red base. This is the strophulax, or red yum, of the ancients, and is seen principally in children during hot weather and when exces- sively heavy clothing is worn. Miliaria /lapulosa. or lichen tropicus, is com- monly known as prickly heat. In this variety red, pointed papules are crowded together, with here and there a vesicle or pustule. It is ac- companied by e.Kcessive sweating and aimoying prickling and tingling. It is a tropical di.sease, of which a milder form is seen in this country. The treatment of miliaria consists in removing heavy clothing, administering cool baths and saline diuretics, and applying hx'ally soothing and astringent lotions, such as lead water, black wash, dilute vinegar, or ixiwdercd camphor mixed with starch or oxide of zinc. MIL'IA'RIUM AU'RETJM ( Lat., gcdden milestone I. . gilded column of bronze con- nected with the rostra in the Koman Forum. Un it were engraveil the distances of the postal stations from the city gates on the great roads leading out of Rome. It was set up in B.C. 29 by Augustus, and portions of the marble base on which it stood were discovered on the s|)ot in 1849. MILIARY FEVER. See Miliaria. MILICZ (iiic'liclii OF Kkem.sier (132.5-74). A predecessor of John Huss. He was born at Kremsier, Moravia ; entered holy orders, and was attaclied to the C'n t of the lOinperor Charles IV.; became a canon and later archdeacon. In 13fi.3 he resigned his appointments, giving him- self up to preaching, and was very successful. He went to Rome in 1307 to expound his views as to ecclesiastical abuses, but was thrown into prison by the Incpiisition, fnmi which he was released by Pope I'rban V., on his arrival from Avignon in the autumn of that .year. lie re- turned to Prague, where he preached daily with greater success than ever till in 1374 he was summoned before the Papal Court at .vignon, upon loiiiplaint as to his orllicMhixy. preferred by the clergy of Pragiie. He obeyed, and the com[ilaint. after investigation, was dismissed. He dieehler. •fohann ran ^'iclif und die Yorgeschichlr dvr Reformation, vol. ii. (Leipzig. 1873). MILIN'DA. The Pali form of the name of the Craco I!:m trian King Mcnander (q.v.). In the literature of the liuddhists his name is im- portant through a book entitled MiHiidajiaiiha, or "Questions of Milinda," a work which pro- fesses to give nn account of a discussion between him and the P>uddliist sage Xagascna. It has been translated into English by Davids. The Qucstiuiis uj Kill!/ iJiliiKla (O.xford, 1890-94). MILITARY ACADEMY, Royal. An estab- lishment at Woohvich. England, through which must pass all candidates for the Itoyal Artillery and the Royal Engineers. 8ee MiLiiwKY Educa- tion. MILITARY ACADEMY, United St.-vtes. The national institutiim for the theoretical and practical training of cadets for commissions in the I'nited States Army. It is situated at West Point. N. v.. on the west baiUs of the Hudson, oO miles from its mouth, amid the picturesque peaks of the Highlands. This place has been occupied as a military post continuously since .lanuary 20, 1778. (See West Poi.nt for Revolu- tionary histor.v of the locality and description of the modern ])ost buildings, surroundings, etc.) The Academy itself had its origin in a resolution passed bv Congress on October 1. 177G, which appointed a committee to prepare a plan for ''a militai'y academy for the armv." On .lone 20, 1777, it was ordered that a Corps of Invalids organized as "a militar.v school for young gen- tlemen previous to their being appointed to marching regiments" be instituted; which order was carried into ctTect almost immediately. <!en- eral Washington was untiring in Ids etVorls to establisli the acadeiii.v, and il was at his request in 1781 that the Corjis of Invalids was marched from Philadelphia to join the garrison at Vest Point. Two years later Washington again lirought the idea of a military academy before his olliccrs at Xewburgh, and made a s])ecial reference to it in his message of December 3, 1793. On Ma.y 9, 1794. his ideas and as])irations were cr,vstallized in a law approved on that date. whereby was authorized tlic organization of a corps of engineers and artillerists with two 'cadets' to each com|)aiiy, and a school of in- struction for them was established at West Point in the same year. Prior to 1781 there were at West Point three separate buildings, used as an engineer school, hiborator.v, and librarv respectively. In 179ti the buildings occujiied by the corps were burned down, and thus for a time the work of the .cad- cniy was suspended. Instruction was resnmi'd on'Se]ileiMl)cr 1. ISOl. by ordi-r of the Secretary of W;ir, who. on .July 20th of that year, issued an order directing that all the cadets of the Corps of Artillerists should report at West Point for instruction. The faculty of the Academy at this time was made up of four army ollici'is and a civilian, who acted as administrators and in- structors. The actual creation of the Military .Vcadeniy as il is known to-da.v occurre<l in 1S02. under the authorization of !in act of Congress approved on March llith. West Point was se- lected for its location, and with a class of ten cadets present it was formall.v oin-ned on .Tuly 4, 1802. The bill authorized "the establi^hnn'nt of a corps of engineers to consist of live per- sons, a major, two first lieutenants, two second lieutenants, and ten cadets, with the pay of $10 iions in the corps, not to exceed one colmicl. one lieutenant, two majors, four captains, four lirst lieutenants, and four sccmid lir'iitenanls ; but it was also distinctly ordained that the entire corps should not exceed twenty officers and cadets.
 * )er month. Provision was also made for pmiiio-