Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/531

* MIKLOSICH. 479 MILAN. chende Grammatik der slaicischcn Sprachcn (1874-79); Lexicon Palwosloicnico (Irwco-Lati- «i(m(2d ed. 1805), the best of its kind for coiii- plcteni'ss and the abimdance of material; Elyiiw- loyisches Wortcrbuch dcr s-tainschrn Uprachai ( 18Sti) ; Formeiilchrr dcr altsloirriii.schrii Sjjiud'hc {id ed. 1854) ; Altsloicenische Laatlehre (3d ed. 1878) ; and Altslawenische Formenlehre in Para- digmen ( 1874) . MIKLUCHO-MACIiAY, inekluiJ'Ko-ma-kli', Nikolai (184ii-S8). A Russian traveler and ethnographer, born in the L'lvraine of a noble family. He studied medicine and zoology at Saint Petersburg and in Gcruuiny. In 1800 he went with Haeckel to Madeira ; visited the Ca- nary Islands in 1867, and after a trip to Jlorocco in 1870 undertook a great anthropological tour in Oceanica. At Sydney he founded a museum and zoological station, and in 1S85 returned to Saint Petersburg, where he died before he had classified his collections. He wrote on liis travels in New Guinea in Petermann's Mitteiluitgen (1874 and 1S78), and on the temjierature of oceanic depths for the Biillrtiii of the Saint Petersburg Acad- emy (1871), and made many other contributions to ticlinical journals in Europe, Asia, and Aus- tralia. MIKNAS, mik'nas. A tow n of Jlorocco. See ■Ml (JlINKZ. MIKOVEC, mf-kd'v6ch, Feedijtand Bketislav (1820-0:i). A Bohemian dramatist and archse- Qlogi,st, born at Biirgstein. aiul educated at Ceskfl Lfpa and Prague. He founded tlie literary journal Luiiiir ( 1850). and edited two volumes of Bohemian antiquities umler the title Htaroiit- nosti a patndthtj eeme feske (1858-64). Rewrote the tragedies. Zijhuha rodu Pfemimlofski'ho ("The Fall of the Premyslids," 1851) ; Dimitri Ivanorid (1850), and other dramatic works. MILAN, mil'an or mi-lan' (It. Milano, Lat. Mcdiolniiuin). The second largest city in Italy, the chief city in Lombardy. and the capital of the Province of Milan. It is situated in the great plain of Lombardy, 300 feet above the sea, on the little river Olona. an affluent of the Po, 93 miles northeast of Turin and 106 miles west of Venice; latitude 45° 28' N.. longi- tude 9° 11' K. (Map: Italy, D 2). The climate is rather changeable and trying. It is ex- tremely hot in summer and quite cold in win- ter, the winds from the frozen Alps sweeping across the Lombardy plain. The thermometer at times drops below zero. The mean annual tem- perature is 55.4° F. ; rainfall. 30.37 inches. Milan is a fairly symmetrical polygon in shape, the circuit of its customs district lieing now nearly twenty miles. Its focus is the splen- did Piazzo del Duomo (Cathedral Square), from which broad avenues and electric rail- ways radiate in all directions. These radials are connected by an inner circle of mod- ernized streets just outside the canal that marks the location of the ancient moat and of the inner and most ancient city. An additional connection is furnished by a splendid boulevard. and by a belt electric railway seven miles long beyond the sixteenth-century walls that are pierced by a dozen gates, and are now planted with trees and used as a promenade, commanding the view of the suburbs. The most magnificent of the radials is the modern Via Dante, leading from the handsome Piazza de' Mercanti to the spacious Fore Bonajjarte. and thence to the New I'ark, which was fornu-rly a part of a national drill-ground. This park is paved with wooden blocks on a concrete foundation, and on each side, next to the front foundati(in walls of the houses, has large sul)ways containing water and gas pipes, electric wires, etc. It is beautified by a large pond and spacious promenades, and is faced by' the C'astello, and also by the Anfiteatro dell' Arena, which was constructed by Napoleon I. for races and is capable of seating 30.000 persons. The park is lighted by electricity at night. Adorning the northeastern section of the city are the splendid Giardini Pubblici. surpassed by few gardens on the Continent. The Corso Vittorio Emanuele is one of the most elegant shopping streets in Italy, and the centre of traffic in Jlilan. The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele, connecting the Piazza del Duomo with the Piazza della Scala, is a splendid glass-covered arcade, with shops, designed by one of Milan's distinguished archi- tects, Mengoni. It is in the form of a Latin cross, with a cupola 180 feet in height. Architecture is superbly represented in Milan, nearly all styles being displayed in rare ex- amples. Bramante dwelt here many years, and left his genius impressed on more than one fine monument. The city is particularly famous for fine churches. Of these the principal is the world-renowned Gothic cathedral, one of the finest of ecclesiastical structures, ranking with Saint Peter's at Rome and the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore at Florence. The vast church has an exterior of white Carrara marble, which is adorned by 98 pinnacles and with more than 2000 statues, besides a variety of carvings of unsurpassable beauty. In form it is a Latin cross, with a length of 486 and a breadth of 287 feet. The height of the tower is 356 feet. Its fouudation was laid in 1380 by Gian Cialeazzo Visconti, and during its erection many of the greatest European architects contributed designs for its embellishment. Within it Napoleon was crowned King of Italy in 1805. The view of the Alps. Lombardy. and the city from the top of the cathedral is celebrated. The quaint mediaeval Church of Sant' Anibrogio, erected on the site of a church founded by Saint Ambrose in the fourth century, possesses inscriptions, sarco- phagi, and monuments full of antiquarian in- terest, and is historic as the place where the German emperors were crowned kings of Italy. There are also the Dominican Church of Santa ilaria delle Grazie, which contains in its refec- tory the now almost obliterated picture of the "Last Supper." by Leonardo da Vinci; the Church of San Carlo Borromeo (1847); and San Xazaro, which possesses a masterful fresco by Lanino. and also San Sebastiano, once a Ro- man temple. The Church of San Satiro has a beautiful sacristy — a creation of Bramante. The mural paintings of Luini in the Church of San Giorgio al Palazzo are visited by all art lovers. San Lorenzo is an important church, and is in addition the oldest one in the city, tracing its history back to Roman times. • If the secular buildings of Milan, the most noteworthy is the magnificent Brera Palace, for- merly a .Tesuit college. anciences. (For illustration, see LoMn.RnY. Re- x.MssAXCE ABcniTECTrRE. 1 Within its vast pre- cincts this unique institution includes an academy