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* MIGNARD. 471 MIGNOT. Louvre contains a nunibiT of liis works, includ- ing the portrait of Madame de Alaintenou, "Haint Cecilia," and '■t^aint Luke Painting the Virgin." Others are in the galleries of Versailles, Madriil, Saint Petersburg, Vienna, Berlin, London, and Florence. Consult Lebrun-Dalbanne, Etude siir I'ierre Mignard (Paris, 1878). MIGNE, me'ny', Jacques Paul (1800-7.5). A Konian Catholic editor. He was born in Saint Flour, France, October 25, 1800, and was edu- cated at Orleans. In 1824 he became a priest and performed the functions of his office till 1833, when a pamphlet published by him, entitled Uc la liberie, -par ■«» pretre. brought upon him the censure of the Bishop of Orleans, who for- bade its publication. Migne went to Paris, and the same year established L'Vnivers Religieux I later called mei'eh- L'Vnivers), designed to har- monize the Church with the free spirit of civil government. Later he commenced the publi- cation of a collection of works called Cours corn- plets de thcologie et d'ecriture sainte, and founded a publishing house on a large scale called L'iin- primerie catholigue, designed to furnish standard religious works at a low price. He established the daily "ierite, which in 18.50 became the Vourrier de Paris. The Cours complels finally grew into a very long series of volumes of stand- ard authors under the general head of Biblio- thigue universelle dii clerge et des la'iques in- struits. The parts which are best known are Fatrologia Latina, in 221 volumes (Paris, 1844- 64) ; Patrologia Grwca (Greek and Latin) in 1G5 volumes (Paris. 18.57-60); and Patrologia Grac'i (in a Latin version), in 85 volumes ( Paris, 1856-67). They are reprints of the famous Benedictine editions and many others, and bring together very conveniently well nigh the whole librarv of the ecclesiastical writers to Innocent 111. (d. 1216). Migne died in Paris, October 25, 1S75. MIGNETj me'nva', Francois Auguste Mabie (1796-1884). A French historian. He was born !May 8, 1796, at Aix. in Provence, studied law in his native city with his life-long friend. Adolphe Thiers, and in 1822 went to Paris in order to devote himself to a literary career. He found employment in writing for the public journals, and after giving lectures on modern history, which were received with great apjuobation, he wrote his Eistoire de la rerolulion franeaise (1824). In 1830 Mignct and Thiers in conjunc- tion founded the liberal journal Le Na- tional. After the Revolution of July he be- came a Councilor of State, and Keeper of the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Af- fairs, but he lost these offices" in 1848. In 1836 he was received into the French Academy. He edited Negociations relatives a la siieeession d'Espagne sovs Lovis XIV. (1836-42). Other of his works are: Notices et memoires historii/ties (184.3-18.53. 18.54) : Tie de Franklin (1848) : Ilis- toire de Marie Htuart (1851) : Charles Quint, son ahdication. son sejotir et sa mart an monas- tere de Yiiste (10th ed. 1882): Eloges histo- rii/ues I nth ed. 1S84) : and Rivalit^ de Franrois I. rt de Charles V. (1872-75) : also a drama en- titli'd Antonio Perez et Philippe IT. (1845-40). Mignet died in Paris. JMarch 24. 1884. Consult: Trefort. Mignet iind seine ^yerke (Budapest. 1885) ; Simon, Mignet. Michelct. Henri Martin (Paris, 1889). MIGNON, me'nyo.N' (Fr., darling). (Ij An Italian girl in love with Wilhelm, in Goethe's Wilhelni Meislem Lchrjahre (q.v.). Her love is not returned, and she dies broken-hearted. (2) An opera founded on ^yilhehn Meister, with music by Ambroise Thomas and libretto by Carre and Barbier. (3) A derisive name applied to the efi'eminate favorites of Henry III. of France, and to the King himself. MIGNON, Abkaiiam (e.1040-79). A German painter, born in Frankfort-on-the-Main. He studied under Jacob Marrel, who took him to Haarlem, where he became the pupil of Jan David de Heem. the celebrated fruit and flower painter. He selected subjects similar to those his master painted, but never equaled him. His composition is more formal, his color less agree- able, and there is too much detail, although his better works are rich, warm, and harmonious. Among his more notable works are a study of flowers, fruit, and other objects, and some '"Flow- ers in a Vase," in the Amsterdam JIuseum. The Van der Hoop Collection in Amsterdam also has a dish with fruit, oysters, and bread, that is more broadly painted than is usual with him. Of his six pictures in the Louvre, two are very fine — a '"Bouquet of Wild Flowers," and "flow- ers and Fruit." He is also well represented by similar pieces in Dresden, Munich, Brussels, The Hague. Mcnna, and other Eurofiean galleries. MIGNONETTE, min'yun-et' (Fr. mignonette, diminutive of OF., Fr. mignon, favorite, dainty, from OHG. minna, Ger. Minne, love, Icel. minna, recollection; connected with Goth gamunan, AS. miinan, Icel. muna. to be mindful, Lat. mens, Gk. /jL^vos, menos, mind. Skt. man. to think). Reseda odorata. An annual or perennial plant of the natural order Resedacea>, a native of the north of Africa, widely, cultivated in gardens during summer and in greenhouses and windows dur- ing winter for its fragrant flowers. It has lan- ceolate entire or trifid leaves, and erect terminal racemes of small yellowish-white flowers, which have a six-parted calyx as long as the corolla, and three-toothed capsules. What is called tree mignonette is not even a distinct variety, but merely the common kind trained in an erect form, and prevented from early flowering by pinching off the ends of the shoots. White or upright mignonette {Reseda alba), a native of Southern Europe, another very popular species, which grows from two to three feet higli and bears its white flowers with brownish anthers in dense erect spikes, makes a fine bor<ler plant and grows well on ordinary garden soils. The seeds are sown in the open in April or May and later on the plants arc thinned to a foot or 18 inches apart. Dyer's weed, or weld (Reseda Lnteola), is a tall species with long spikes of yellowish flowers. All species are generally propagated from seeds, but cuttings are sometimes used. MIGNOT, men-yu'. Loris RCmy (1831-70). An American landscape painter, born in Charles- ton, S. C. He studied under Schelfliont at The Hague, and was elected a National Academician in 1859. but during the Civil War and afterwards he lived in London, and traveled nuich abroad. His landscapes treat a variety of subjects, and are painted with considerable skill. They in- clude: "Lagoon of (Juavaquil. South America" (1863); "Evening in 'the Tropics" (1865);