Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/518

* MIDBLETON. 466 MIDDLETOWN. Aufjustine, and later in the prison ship Jersey. Ufiiig exchanged in July, 1781, he was again electfd to the Continental Congress, where he served until peace was declared. Later he be- came a nieniher of the State Legislature and a trustee of Cliarleston College. .Middleton was a man of much energy and judgment, an able debater, and a forceful writer. Under the ])3eudonym of "Andrew Marvel" he wrote a num- ber of effective political essays; he also left stenographic reports of many of the debates in which lie participated. MIDDLETON, Coxyehs (IG8:M750). A divine i)f the Clurch of England. He was born December 27, 1(J83, at Vork or Kichniond, in Yorkshire. He studied at Camlnidge. where he took the degree of B.A. in 1702, was elected a Fellow in 1700, and shortly after married a lady of fortune. The views he expressed and defended were generally such as to draw down upon him the imputation of being an "■infidel in disguise." though some of them — such as that the Jews borrowed some of their customs from Egj'pt, that the primitive writers in vindicating Scri])- ture found it necessary sometimes to recur to al- legory — are now commonly held. Jliddlclon died at Ilildersliam, in Cambridgeshire, July 28, 1750. His princijial writings are: A Letter from Rome, slwiring an exact Conformity hetireeti Popery and Paf/anism; or ike Religioyi of the •present Romans derived from that of their Heathen Ancestors (1729), which provoked the most violent indignation among Roman Catholics; and The llistori/ of the Life of M. Tiillins Cicero (2 vols., 1741 ), a work lioth interesting and valu- able. All his pam])hlets. treatises, etc., were collected and published under the title of Mis- cellaiKdiis ^y<>li:s (4 vols., London, 1752). MIDDLETOlf, Sir Fhederick DonsoN (1825- 98). A liritish soldier. He was born in Belfast, Ireland, and graduating at the Royal Jlilitaiy College at Sandluirst in 1842, saw active service in New South Wales, Xew Zealand. Burma, and India. In the Indian ilutiny (1857-58) he was decorated with the Victoria Cross for gallant conduct. In 1808 ho accompanied his regiment to Canada, but returned to England in 1S70. In 1884 he returned to Canada as coiiiiiiaiidor-in- chief of Canadian militia, and in 1885 lie ener- getically suppressed the Riel rebellion in the Xorthwest, for which he received from the Cana- dian Parliament a grant of $20,000. and the honor of kiiiglithond from the Queen. In 1890 he returned to England, and in 1806 was appointed keepiT iif till' crown jewels. MIDDLETON, llKNUY (1771-184C). An Amer- ican politii'inn and diplomat, the son of Arthur Middleton (q.v.). lie was born in Charleston, S. C, was carefully educated by juivate tutors and at South Carolina College, and in 1801 was elected to the South Carolina Legi-ilature, where his brilliant powers as an orator attracted wide attention and led, in 1810, to his election as Gov- ernor of the State. He held this ollice until 1812, was n strong supporter of the war policy of the Madison Administration, and in 1815, after a brief retirement from jiolitics, was elected to Con- gress, serving until 1820. In that year he was appointed by President Monroe Minister of the Ignited States to Russia, where in a service of ten years he did much to strengthen the com- mercial relations between the two nations, ne- gotiating in 1824 the first treaty which provided for the regulation of trade and fisheries in the Pacific. On his return to America in 1830, he retired fnini jiublic life. MIDDLETON, Thomas ( 1570?- 1027). An English dramatist, born probably in London. Hardly a detail of his life is known. He seems to have studied law, and may thus be one of the two Tliomas Middletons entered at Crav's Inn in 1593 and 1596. It is thought that "he began writing for the stage as early as 1599. But the first mention of him is in Hcnslowe's Diary, on May 22, 1602. He was then collaborat- ing with Munday, Drayton, Webster, and others on a lost play called Ca-sar's Fall. In this year he published a comedy entitled lilurt, Master- Constable, and in 1603-04 two prose tracts. The Uluck Book and Father Uuhburd's Tales, lively and highly colored satirical sketches of London life. Between this time and his death he wrote more than twenty plays, and twelve masques and pageants. In 1620 he was made dironologer to the city of London. He died in London near July 1, 1627. He was successful in both comedy and tragedv. His humor is seen at its best in A Trick to Catch the Old-One ( 1608) ; The Roar- ing (lirl (1611); The Spanish (li/psy, a tragi- comedy (acted as early as 1623, but not printed till 1653) ; A Chaste Maid in Chcapside (not printed till 1630). All except the third in this list depict contemporary Loudon life. The sec- ond has as heroine the notorious Mary Erith, known as Moll Cutpurse. Middleton's dramatic jiower is at is height in ^yomen lienarc H'oHir/i (first printed in 1657). It is a romantic tragedy fouiidi'd in part on the history of Bianca Capello. Almost eipial to this play arc The Spanish dypsy, cited above, and The ChanncHnfi (printed ll!53). A Game at Chess, a political drama, attacking Spain, aroused such enthusiastic hatred that the Spanish Ambassador protested, and the piece was taken off the stage after scoring a great success ( 1624) . A play called The Witch ( printed 1778) is of considerable interest because it has the same motive as .Shakespeare's Macbeth. Consult Works, ed. by Bullen (8 vols., London. 1886); and selections from the plays, ed. by Havelock Ellis, with an introduction by Swinlnirne, for the Mciiiiaid SiTies (London, 1887). MIDDLETON, Thomas Fansiiaw ( 1769- 1822). Bishop of Calcutta. He was born in Kcdle- ston, Derbyshire, England; was educated at Christ's Howpital, and graduated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, in 1792: was ordained to a curacy in Gainsborough in 1792. and was after- wards inciinibcnt at Tansor. Xortliamptonsliirc; Bytham, Lincolnshire: Saint Pancras, Loiidcui ; and other jiarishcs. In 1814 he was consecrated first Bishop of Calcutta, where he did much to promote the advancement of Christianity and education, founded the Bishop's ^lission College in 1820, and established a consistory court. He was editor for short periods of the journals The Country Spectator at Gainsborough, and The lirit- ish Critic (new .series) in London. The work by which he was best known was that on The Doc- trine of the fircrk Article Applied to the Criti- cism- and- Jlhislratiun of the A'cic Testament (1808). A Life of liishop Miihlleton. by C. W. IjC Bas. was published in London in 1831. MID'DLETOWN. city and the county-seat of Middlesex County, Conn., 14 miles south of