Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/517

* MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE. 465 MIDDLETON. ■was eelobratc'd in I'.IUO. Us gnmiids and build- ings were valued at .HiiOO.OOU, and the whole col- lege property at $051,000. The library contains 20, 154 volumes. MIDDLE C. In music, the note c', which is on the lirst leger line below the treble staff. or above the base staff The C elef always represents the note termed middle C, and the lines and spaces above or below are designated accordingly. MIDDLE ENGLISH. See English Lan- ci AiiK ; E.MiLisn Literature. MIDDLE KINGDOM. A native name of China, believed by its inhabitants to be the middle point of the eartli. MIDDLE LATITUDE SAILING. See SAlUNliS. MIDDLEMARCH. A novel by George Eliot <1872). It appeared serially in Black irood's Magazine in 1871. The author considered this story of a provincial town her greatest work. It consists of two stories, that of the Vincy family and that of Dorothea Brooke, who is the chief character. She marries a stiff clergyman, Mr. Casauban, and- is soon disillusionized. Rosa- mond Vincy, a beautiful girl, marries Dr. Lyd- gate, and proves a hindrance to bim. The gen- eral teaching of the novel is that people even of high ideals are changed and hampered by circumstances. MIDDLESBROUGH, mid'd'lz b'ruh. A man- ufacturing town, port, and Parliamentary bor- ough in the North Riding of Yorkshire, Eng- land, at the mouth of the Tees, 48 miles north of York (Map: England, E 2). The town is well built, with handsome specimens of archi- tecture, ecclesiastical, municipal, and commercial. In the royal exchange, a fine building, the weekly iron market is held on Tuesdays, attended by persons connected with the iron trade from all parts of the kingdom, as well as foreigners. Albert Park, containing 72 acres, is tastefully laid out. The town owns its water, gas, abattoirs, markets, and cemeteries, and maintains baths, wash-houses, and free libraries. Middlesbrough was founded in 18.30, and the following year had 1.54 inhabitants. The opening of the docks in 1842 gave additional importance, and the popula- tion rose to 6000. From the year 1852, when iron ore was discovered in the Eston Hills, the town increased rapidly, and has acquired an important position as an iron manufacturing centre, turning out over 2,000,000 tons per year of pig iron alone, and having smelting furnaces on an extensive scale, iron foundries, manufac- tures of rails, locomotive engines, tubes, boilers, etc. There are also chemical works and potteries, and shipbuilding is extensively carried on. There arc spacious docks, and a breakwater nearly 2i.A miles long. The average annual value of the export trade is $.32,500,000. and the town has also a considerable import trade. iIiddlcsl)rough ■was incorporated in 1853. Population, in 1891, 75.500: in 1001, 01,300. Consult Rcid, Mithjlcs- hrniKih and IlsJuJiilrr ( Middleslirough, 1881). MID'DLESEX. The metropolitan county of England, in the southeast of the country, bounded north bv Hertford and south bv Surrev (Map: England, F 5). Np^t to Rutland it is the smallest of the English counties, its area being only 181,301 statute acres, or 283 square miles, a considerable portion of which comprises a large area of metropolitan London. Outside of London the land is chielly devoted to grass and hay farms and to market-gardens, the produce of which is sent to supply the metropolis. Capital, Brentford. Population, in 181)1, 3,251,700; in UMll, 3.585.100. MIDDLE TEMPLE. One of the four Inns of Court. The Inns of the Middle Temple are so called from the group of ancient buildings oc- cupied by them, which were the seat of the knights templars and passed into the hands of the lawyers after the dissolution of that famous order of eliivah-y. See Inns of Court. MID'DLETON. A municipal borough in Lancasliire. England, five miles north-northeast of JIanchester (ilap: England, D 3). Its chief industries are the manufactui'es of cotton and silk ; coal is mined, and it has also chemical works. It has a granunar school dating from 1572. The municipality is progressive, owns gas works, electric lighting plant, markets, and pub- lie baths, and maintains free library, park, recre- ation grounds, and a sewage farm. Population, in 1891, 22,150; in 1901, 25,180. MIDDLETON. A town of Annapolis County, Xov.a Scotia, Canada, the northwest terminus of the Xova Scotia Central Railway, 102 miles •west-northwest of Halifax (Map: Xova Scotia, D 5). It also has a station on the Yindsor and Annapolis Railway. Lucrative iron and copper mining is carried on in the neighborhood. Popu- lation, in 1901. 2000. MIDDLETON, Arthur (1681-1737). An American colonist, born in South Carolina. He held high offices under the proprietary govern- ment, and in 1719 was president of the conven- tion which placed South Carolina directly under the Crown. After the establishment of the Royal Government, he became president of His Maj- esty's Council, and as such was Acting Governor from 1725 until the arrival of the first regularly appointed royal Governor in 1731. MIDDLETON, Arthur (1742-87). A signer of the Declaration of Independence, born in South Carolina. In 1754 he went with an uncle to England, ■where he was educated at Harrow, Westminster School, and Saint .John's College, Cambridge. He returned to South Carolina in 1703, settled at Middleton Place, became a justice of the peace, and from 1705 to 1706 served in the Commons for Saint Helena. He then again went abroad, and spent three years in England and Southern Eurqjie. On his return in 1772 he was again elected to the Commons, and in 1774 be- came a member of the Upper House of the Pro- vincial Congress. He was one of the ablest and boldest opponents of the royal authority, and early in 1775 became a member of the Secret Service Committee, and in June of the same year of the Council of Safety. Early in 1776 he helped frame a constitution for the State, and later in the same year he was sent as a delegate to the Continental Congress, and signed the Declaration of Independence. In 1778 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and was also chosen President and Commander- in-Chief of South Carolina, but declined. He assisted in the defense of Charleston, and upon the capture of that place was imprisoned in Saint