Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/462

* MEXICO. 432 MEYEB. most remarkable feature in connection with the Gulf of Mexico is the (iulf Stream (ij.v.), which enters it by the southern channel, passes round it, and emerges through the Strait of Florida. Ow- ing partly to the presence of this heated current, the temperature of the gulf is 8° or 9° higher than that of the Athintic in the same latitude. MEYEB, mi'er, Adolf Eeb.miard (1840—). A (Jerman zoologist and ethnologist, born in Hamburg. After a pr(dongcd course of study at the universities of Gottingen, Vienna, Zurich, and Berlin, he explored the ilalay and Pliilippine Islands, and in 1874 became director of the Dres- den Ivoyal Museum of Natural History, .mong his writings are Album ion Phillipiiincittypen (1S84-00) and Abhildiutf/cn von Voyelslceletteu ( lS7<t-;).3). MEYEB, Eduaki) (1855—). A German historian, born at Hamburg; professor in the Cniversity of Halle. His ]nincipal work is his Ccschkhl'c dcs Altcrtums ( 1S84-HI02) . He also published: Geschichte des alien Acfjijplen { 1877) ; J'orschunyen zur alien Geschichte (1892-00); Untersuchungen ::ur Geschichte der Gracchen (1894); Wirfschaflliche Enticickelung des Al- tcrtums (1895) : ami Die Entstehuug dcs Juden- tums (ISOfi). MEYEB, Haxs (1858—). A German ex- plorer. He was born at Hildburghausen and studied science and ])olitical economy at Leipzig and ilerlin. He traveled in Asia, North .mcrica, and South Africa, and in 1887 explored Kiliman- jaro in East Africa. After several venturous attempts to ascend the moiuitain he managed to reach the top of the higher of the two peaks, the Kibo summit, where he found a crater more than a mile wide and about 10.700 feet above the sea. In his Zum f^chnccdom dcs KiUma-Xdscharo he gives a fiill account of his experiences and dis- coveries in that region. His other contribu- tions to geography include ICine Wcltrcise ( 1885) and OntiifHkanische Glctschcrfahrten (1800). MEYEB, HEi.mcir ( 17r,018.3-2). A Swiss writer on art and aMticpiity. lie was born at Zurich, and studied painting there under Fiiessli, brother of Henry Fuesli. In 1784 lie went to Italy and at Rome in 1788 he met Goethe, with whom he contracted a friendship so intimate that he was known in Germany by the name of 'Goethe-JIeycr.' In 1702. through the induenee of Goethe, he was appointed a professor in the Wei- mar Academy of Design. Three years later he revisited Italy, and in 1707 returned to Weimar, where be was mailc a director of the .iadeniy in 1807. Many of the critical portions of Goethe's essays on art in Kunst und Altertum are to be credited to Meyer. As a painter, his production was scanty. It was as a writer on the history and theory of art. and particularly of Greek and Koman art. that he acquired authority. lie edited, with extensive annotations of his o i. the works of Winekelmami (1S08-20). Tlic^e notes he subsei|iicntly expanded into a general history of Greek art. which appeared under the nanii' of Ge- schichte der hildcndcn Kihistc hri din Gricrhrn und Hiimcrn (with an additional volume by RIemer, 1824-3(5). He died at Weimar, leav- ing to that city a bequest of .S.'i.Onfl thnlers for the establishment of a foundation for the poor, whiih be.irs liis name. MEYEB, Hkinkic'ii .rGVST Wiiiikim (1800-7.'J). A German Bible commentator. He was born at Gotha, studied theology at Jena, and held various pastoral charges. After 1841 he re- sided in Hanover as a member of the consistory, and died there June 21, 1873. His fame rests upon his Kritisch-ciegelisches Kommcntar zum ncucn Tcstaniriil. of which the first volume, con- taining the lirst three tiospcls. aiijieareil in 1832. An English translation appeared at Edinburgh, with the exception of the Revelation (20 vols., 1873-82) ; and an American in New York (11 vols.. 1SS4-88). MEYEB, Hermann vo.n (1801-GO). A Ger- man paleontologist, born at Frankfort-on-the- Main. He wrote: I'alncologica zur Gcscliiclitc der Erde und ihrer Gcschijpfe (1832) ; and Die fos- silen Ziihue iind Knoehcn (1834). A'ith Dunckcr he founded the periodical Palwontoi/raphica, which contains a collection of important essays on ])aleoiitology. MEYEB, JoHANN Georg (Meyer von Bremen) (1813StJ). A German genre painter, born at Bremen, October 28, 1813. He was a pupil at Diisseldorf of Sohn and Schadow, and at first painted biblical subjects, but after 1842 prac- ticed genre painting. His favorite subjects were peasants of the Hessian, Bavarian, and Swiss mountain districts. At first he treated .scenes from faiuilv life, such as "The Anniversarv of the Hessian Parson" (1842): "The Penitent "Daugh- ter" (1S52), Bremen Gallery; "Grandmother," Mctro])olitan ^luscum. New York. His scenes from diild-life followed after he settled in Berlin in 1852. These include: "Girl Telling Fairy Talcs," "B!ind-:Man"s BulT," "The Youngest Brother," and the "l-ittle Mother" (1852). Na- tional Gallery, Berlin. He also painted single or group figuics of young girls, like his ".Vwait- ing," "The Courting." and "Reading the Love- Letter." The Metropolitan ilusenm of New York possesses "The Letter," "Evening Vrayer," and "The Grandmother." Meyer's pictures have a certain cli;irm and are often naive and full of humor. They show careful execution and exact detail; the color is harmonious, but smooth, ileyer was a professor at the Berlin .■cademy and received a medal in l'liiladel])hia in 1870. He died in Berlin. December 3. ISSG. MEYEB, JiitoE.v Bo.na (1829-97). A Ger- m:iii pliilcisophical writer. He was horn at Ham- burg, and studied science and philosophy in Ber- lin and Bonn. In 188 he became jirofcssor of philosojihy at Bonn, and from 1880 to 1892 he was editor of the Diiitsclic Zcit- und l^trcitfrngcn. His publications include: -Zum filrcit iihrr Leib und Seele (1850); Philosophische Zcitfragen (1870-74): and Problenic der Lcbensucisheit i ISS7). MEYEB, Klais (1850-). A German genre painter, born at Linden, near Hanover. He studied first at the School of Arts in Nuremberg, then at the JIunieh .cademy under Alexander Wagner and afterwards under LiiU'tz. whose influ- ence led him to an intimate study of the Dutch masters of the seventeenth century. He a('i]nired such refinement of color and subtle cliaracteriza- fion as almost to surpass his models. Even his early "Dutch Interior" (1882) displayed the most sterling qualities, and his next effort, "Sew- ing Room in a l!.'giiine Convent" (1SS3). was awarded the great gold medal at the International Exhibition in Munich. . equal perfection of workmanship distinguishes "Ohl and Young