Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/255

MEAD. main entrance of the agricultural building at the Coluiubi.in Exi)osition .Tt Chicago. He sub- sequently executed:i hirge grouj) of the Stanford family for the Stanford University, California. His work is eharncterized by tine decorative feel- ing and by a skillful accentuation of liglit and shade.

MEAD, Uicii,vi!i) (1(17.3-17.54). An English physician. He was horn at Stepney, and at an early age entered the universitj' at Utrecht. .fter three years' study he went to Leyden, where he entered upon the study of medicine under the noted Professors Pitcairne and Her- mann. Having taken his degree of doctor of pliilosopliy and jihysics, he returned to Stepney and began the practice of his profession in 1096. In 17(Ki Dr. ilead was made a nieniber of the Royal Society, and a lecturer at Saint Thomas's Hospital. His reputation both as a practitioner and as a writer on medical subjects was very great, and he was in constant correspondence with the most eminent scientists of the day in his own and foreign countries. He received the ajipointment of pliysician-in-ordinary to George 11.. and in 1716 was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians. In addition to his ae- tjuivcmcnts as a ph_ysician. Dr. Mead devoted mticli time to the study of natural history, antii|uarianisni, and numismatics. He was an intimate friend of Bentley, Pope, and Johnson, ills works were first published in Latin, and subsecpiently translated into English, French, and Italian. They include A Mechairical Account of Foisoim (1702) and Monita et Prcecepta Medica (17.51).

MEADE, George Gordon (1815-72). An American soldier, born of American parentage at Cadiz, Spain, December 31. 1815. He attended scluxil in Philadelphia. Washington, and Baltimore; graduated at West Point in 1835, and served in the Seminole War. In October, 18.36, he resigned from the ami}', adopted the profession of civil engineer, and between lSo7 and 1842 was eni]doyed as an assistant engineer in the surveys made by the United States Gov- ernment of the delta of the Mississippi, the Texas boundary, and the northeastern boiuidary of the United States. In 1842 he was reap- jxjinted to the army as a second lieutenant in the corps of topographical engineers. On the breaking out of the war with Mexico, when General Taylor crossed the Rio tirande, he was orilercd to the front, and served with distinction tliroughout the war. Later he was employed in superintendnig river and harbor improvements, and in the construction of lighthouses on Dela- ware Bay and oU' the coast ol Florida. He was promoted to be tirst lieutenant in 1851 and captain in 1856, and had charge of the national survey of the northern lakes until 1861. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was ordered to Washington; was commissioned brig;idier-yencral of volunteers August 31, 1861, and was placed in command of the second brigade of the Penn- sylvania reserve corps. He was in the action at Dranesville, Va., December 20th; was at ilechanicsville, June 26, 1802, and at the battle of Gaines's Mill on the following day; and served with his reserves throughout the Penin- sular campaign, being severely wounded, June 30tli, at the battle of Fraz'ier's Farm. On August 29-30, having recovered from his wound. he was engaged in the second battle of Bull Run: and in Seiitember took command of a division of the First Army Corps. At the battle of Antietam he was slightly wounded and had two horses shot under him. In recognition of his gallantry in this battle he received com- mand of the Fifth Army Corps, and on Xovem- ber 21), 1802, was commissioned major-general of olunteers. He was engaged in the battles of Fredericksburg and Cliancellorsville, covering the retreat at Chancellorsville with his corps and guarding the crossings until the entire army was safely over the Rappahannock. On .lune 28, 1863. he was unexpei'tcdly ordered to succeed General Hooker in the command of the Army of the Potomac. The main army of the Confeder- ates, under General Lee, had invaded Pennsylva- nia, and it devolved upon Meade to arrest this movement and drive back the enemy. Por- tions of Lee's arnn- had reached York. Carlisle, and the Susquehanna; but upon the advance of the Federal army these were called in. On July 1st the hostile armies met at (Jettysburg. and a three days' battle ensued, which resulted in the utter discomfiture of Lee, who, however, was not pursued with any vigor. (See Gettysburg, B.rTT.E OF.) For this victory Meade was publicly thanked by a resolution of Congress, passed Jan- uary 28, ISOn. From May 4, 1864, to April 0, 1805, General Meade commanded the Army of the Potomac, under General Grant, through the Woody struggle in the Wilderness, and until the surrender of Lee. On August 18, 1864, he was commissioned a major-general in the United States Army. At the close of the war he w.ts placed in command of the Military Division of the Atlantic, which command he retained from July 1. 1805, to August 6. 1866. During the years 1866-67 he was in command of the Depart- ment of the East, and subsequently of the third military district of the South (under the re- construction laws). From March, 1S09, until his death, he was again in commanil of the ililitary Division of the Atlantic. He died on Kovemlier 0, 1872. Citizens of Philadelphia presented him with a house, and after his death a fund of .$100,- 000 was collected by subscription and presented to his familv. Consult: Bache, Life of General G. G. Meade (Philadelphia. 1897); and Pcnny- paeker. General Meade (New York, 1901), in the "Great Commanders Series."

MEADE. Ricn.vRD Wors.^m (1837-97). An American naval officer, born in New York City. He entered the navy as midshipman in 18,50; became navigating olficer of the Cumberland in 1856; eociperatcd with General Sherman as com- mander of a division of the squadron off Helena, Ark., in breaking up guerrilla warfare on the Mississippi River in 1802-63; commanded the marines in New York City during the draft riots there in July, 1803; and subsequently served with distinction in the South Atlantic and West Gulf blockading si^uadrons. After the close of the war until 1868 he acted as bead of the de- partment of seamanship and naval tactics at the United States Naval Academy. He then served for a time in .laska. and from 1871 to 1873. in command of the yarrar/anselt. cruised in the Pacific. After his return he acted as president of the board appointed to revise the ordnance instructions of the navy. He was promoted to be ca|)lain in March. 1880. and to be commander in ifav, 1892. He was naval commissioner of