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MAZZINI. Nardi, Giuseppe ilazzini, lu vita, gli scritti e le sue <io</»ine(Aiilan,lS72); Count Scliack. ilazzini und die italicnische Einhcit (Stuttgart. 1891); Siinonl, llistoire des conspirations mazziniennes (Paris, 1S70); Mario, iJazzini ncilii sua vita e nel suo apostulato (Milan, 18S)1); Bouiller, Un roi et un conspirateur — Victor Emanuel et ilaz- zini (Paris, 18S5); Safli, II pcnsiero politico e sociale de Oiuscppe ilazzini (Koine, 1887); E. A. V. (Mnie. Ashurst-Venturi), Hemoir of Joseph ilazzini, with two essays (London, 1877); Linton, Recollections of ilazzini and Uis Friends (London, 1892). See Cavour; Gari- baldi: Italy.

MAZZOLINI, mat'si-le'ni-, LoDOVico (1479- 152S). An Italian painter, born at Ferrara, whose real name was Mazzuoli. thouph Vasari calls him Malino. lie studied at Bologna under Lorenzo Costa. His best pictures are small in size and of a fresh, exquisite coloring, and he has been considered the finest painter of the Ferrarcse School. "Christ with the Doctors" (1.5-24) in the Berlin Gallery is considered his masterpiece, and there are pictures by him in many of the great European museums.

MAZZONI, mtU-so'ne, GuiDO (?-1518). An Italian sc-iilptor, born at Modena and called II Modanino. After the capture of Naples by Charles VIII. in 1494, he went to France and stayed there for about twenty years. JIany of his" worlis have been destroyed; those that re- main, notably that of a group round the Sepulchre, which is in the Church of Monte Oliveto at Naples, show uncommon technique and a realistic treatment not usual in that age. Other works by him are in the Church of San Giovanni Decollato and the Duomo at Modena; their material is terracotta.

MAZZONI, Guiuo (18.59—). An Italian piK't and critic, born at Florence. He studied at Pisa ami Bologna, was made professor of Italian language and literatire at the Univer- sity of Padua in 1887, and occupied the same position at the Florence Institute from 1894. Like many of the younger Italian poets, he was at first a disciple of Carducci, but after- wards his expression became more individual. Ilis criticism is marked by a pure, elegant style and an evident knowledge of foreign literatures. His works include: ilelca/jro da Oadara (1880); Espcrimoiti inctrici (1882); In liiblioteca (1882-8G); I'orsic (188.3); uorc poesie (1880); Rassegnc litterarie (1887); Tra libri e carte (1887); Pocsic (1891); Voci delta vita (1893); and II teatro delta rivotuzione, La vita di Mnliire e altri scritti di tetteratura fran- crsc (18!itl.

MAZZUCHELLI. mat'soo-kelli, Giovasni Maria, Count (1707-r.5). An Italian writer on science and literature. He studied juris- prudence, then turned to scientific research. In 1737 he piiblislied his Xntizic storichc c cri- tirhe inlrrnn alia vita e arili f:rritti d'Arrliimrde. Ilis principal work was the compilation of a great cyclop:i'dia of Italian literature and science from the beginnings of Italian civilization. Scrittori d'llalia, riod »io/i;ic slorlrhr c critirtie intorno attc rile e afjti srritlori de' tetterati itatiani. This task he did not live to complete. He also WTote biographies of Scipio Capece and Ginsto de' Conti; and he edited Villani's series of biographies of illustrious Florentines.

MAZZUOLA, mat'soo-O'la, Francesco. See Pakmioiano.

MEAD (AS. mcdu, OHG. metu, mito, Ger. ilclli; connected with Ir. mcudh, Welsh medd, mead, OChurch Slav, medit, Lith. nicdus, Lett. maddiis, honey, Gk. n48v, metliy, mead, Av. niadii, wine, Skt. madhu, honey, sweet). A fermented liquor made from honey. The honey is mixed with water, and fermentation is induced and conducted in the usual manner, ilead has been in use from very ancient times, and was known equally to the nations of Southern Europe and the barbarous tribes of more northern regions. Pliny says it has all the bad qualities of wine, but not the good ones. The Latin name is Itydromeli.

MEAD, nied, Edwin Doak (1849—). An American author and editor, born in Cliesterfield, N. H. In lS(!(i he entered the employ of Ticknor & Fields, the Boston publishers. From 1875 until 1879 he studied at Oxford, Cambridge, and Leipzig, and upon his return to America began to lecture on American literature and politics. In 1883 he became director of the Old South Historical Work, and in 1890 succeeded Edward Everett Hale as editor of the ^'civ England iiagitzine. His publications include The Phi- losophy of Carlyle (1881), and Martin Luther: A at u'dy of the Reformation (1884).

MEAD, or MEDE, .losicpii (1 580- 1638). A Church of England theologian. He was born at Berdcu, Essex. While a boy at school at Wethcrsficld he accidentally picked up a copy of Bcllarmine's Hebrew grammar.:ind soon acquired a good knowledge of the language. He grad- uated at Christ Church. Cambridge, in IGIO. In 1(513 he was made a fellow of his college, and reader of the Greek lectures on Sir Walter Mildmay's foundation, which odice he occupied till his death. He was learned in mathematics, medicine, and various branches of natural sci- ence, history, antiquities, and the literature and .sciences of the East. His chief work was Claris Apocalyptica (1627), translated into Eng- lish in 1043, which has been called the first ra- tional attempt to interpret the Apocalypse. His complete works were piiblished at London, 1648- .52: new edition with life, 1072.

MEAD, Larkix Gold.ssiitu (1835—). An American sculptor. He was born at Chesterfield, N. H.. and in the earlier part of his life resided at Brattleboro. Vt. He studied iinder Henry K. Brown, of Brooklyn. N. Y. His earliest work in marble was called "The Recording Angel." In 1857 he modeled the colossal statue "Vermont," which now crowns the dome of the State House at Monlpelier. "Ethan Allen" adorns the same building. During the Civil War he was for six months an artist for Harper's Weekly, contribut- ing n nerous spirited sketches. In 1802 he went to Italy, and has since then resided chiefly at Florence. There he executed a number of statuettes, such as "Echo." "La Contadinella." ".Sappho," "Mountain Bov." and an elaborate group. "The Returned .Soldier" (ISOfi). His other works include the Lincoln monument nt Springfield. 111.; the soldiers' monument at Saint .lolmsburv, Vt.; "Cohunbus's Last Appeal to Isabella;" the .statue of Ethan Allen (1874) in the National Statuim- Hall at Washington; and the group, "The Return of Proserpine from the Realms of Pluto." in the pediment of the