Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/25

* MANTES. 13 Mantes has large tanneries, saltpetre factories, and a considerable agricultural trade. Mantes was a Celtic town from which Julius C'a'sar ex- pelled the Druids ; it is the Roman iledunta. William the Conqueror destroyed the town in 1087 and here received the injury which caused his death. Population, in 1901, 8034. MANTETTFFEL, miin'toi-fcl, Edwin Hans Kakl. IJaron von (1809-S.'j). A Prussian general. He was born at Dresden, February 24. 1809, and in 1827 entered the army. He became in 1843 the personal aide of Prince Albrecht, and in 1848 of King Frederick William IV. His promotion was rapid, and he played a prominent role in the great Prussian militaiy reforms. He took part in the war of 1804 against Denmark, and in 1865 became the Governor of Schleswig, and as such played a prominent role in the ultimate solution of the Schleswig-Holstein question. During the war of 1866 against Austria he commanded the Army of the Main, and during the Franco-Prussian War he commanded the First Army Corps, and participated in the battles of Colombey-Nouilly and Noisseville. Later he became the commander-in-chief of the (ierman troops in South France, and operated effectively there, driving Bourbaki's army across the Swiss frontier. After the close of the war he was made commander-in-chief of the German army of occupation. In 1873 he was created field- marshal, and later .sent on important diplomatic missions to Russia. His last prominent post was that of Governor of the Im])erial Province of Alsace-Lorraine. He died June 17, 1885, at Karlsbad. MANTETIFFEL, Otto T)Ieodor. Baron von ( 1805-82) . A German statesman, born at Liibben. He studied jurisprudence at Halle, and became in 1845-40 a director of one of the departments in the Prussian Jlinistry of the Interior. When Count Brandenburg undertook the suppression of the revolutionary movement of 1848, he was ap- pointed Minister of the Interior. In 1850 he took office as Minister of Foreign Affairs and president of the Cabinet, and as such pursued a reactionary policy. In 1856 he was sent as Plenipotentiary to the Congress of Paris, and in 1858 retired from the Jlinistry. From his lit- erary bequest H. von Poschinger published Unter Friedrich Wilhehn IV. DenkwurdigkeiteH des Ministers Otto Freiherrn von Manteuffel (1900- 01); and PreussoJs nnsimrtige Politik, 1850-5S (ib.. 1902). For his biography, consult Hesekiel (Berlin, 1851). MANTI, man'ti. A city and the county-seat of Sanpete County, Utah, 120 miles south of Salt Lake City, on the Rio Grande, Western and Sanpete Valley railroads (Map: Utah, B 2). The Mormon temple which cost $1,500,000, is a noteworthy feature of the city, and there is a fine Central Public School building. Manti is surrounded by a productive agricultural country, largely engaged also in sheep-raising, and has flour mills and a creamery. In the vicinity are productive coal mines. Manti was settled in 1849 and incorporated two years later. Popu- lation, in 1890, 1950; in 1900, 2408. MAN'TINE'A (Lat., from Gk. Mavrhem, ilantineia) . A city of Arcadia, in the Pelopon- nesus, on the high tableland west of Argolis. It was situated on the river Ophis, in the midst of a broad plain, and was at first a group of open MANTIS. villages, owning the supremacy of Sparta. Under Argive influence tlie five villages united in a fortified city, liut the comnuinily was dissolved later by the Spartans, only to be reconstituted by the Thebans under Epaminondas. The plain, from its strategic importance, was the scene of several battles, of which the most famous was that of B.C. 302, when Epaminondas defeated the Spartans and Athenians, but fell himself in the moment of victory. Excavations conducted by the French School at Athens during 1887 and 1888 have clearly determined the course of the walls, and laid bare the Agora and its surround- ing buildings, inchuling a small but interesting theatre. The site of the city is now called Palje- opoli. Consult Fougferes, Mantinee et I'Arcadie oricntalc (Paris, 1898). MANTIQUEIBA, maN'te-ka'e-ra, Sebra da. A mountain range in Southeastern Brazil. It extends for about 200 miles parallel with the At- lantic coast and about 70 miles away from it, first along the boundary between the States of Srio Paulo and Minas Geraes, and then for a short distance into the latter, where it divides into two branches^, the Serra dos Aimores con- tinuing along the coast, and the Serra do Espin- hago extending through the centre of Minas Ge- raes. The name Mantiqueira is sometimes applied to this whole system, but is properly confined to the single range in the south. It is granitic in character, and the highest and roughest in Brazil. Its highest point, Mount Itatiaia, on the State boundary, has an altitude of 9000 feet. The range is the watershed of the Rio Grande, the principal headstream of the ParanS. MANTIS (Neo-Lat., from Gk. //(iiTif, diviner, prophet; so called from the position of the fore legs, which resembles the attitude of prayer). One of the popular names for any of the orthop- terous insects of the family Mantidse, and the scientific name of the type genus. Other popu- lar names are 'praying insect,' 'soothsayer,' 'prophet,' 'rear-horse,' 'mule-killer.' The family THE REAR-HORSE, a, &di}]tm&e Stagaiomaatis Carulina; b, egg-case. Mantidje form the old group of the Orthoptera known as the Raptoria or grasjiers. They have the prothorax long and the froftt legs fitted for grasping their prey. The head is oblique and generally three-cornered. They are much more abundant in tropical regions than elsewhere, and exhibit striking instances of protective resem-