Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/233

* MAUSOLEUM. 205 MAX. four-liorsc chariot. U'liether the colossal statues of Mausolus and Artemisia were placed in the chariot or elsewhere in the building is a matter of dispute. The reliefs belong to three friezes, and represent a battle of the Greeks and Ama- zons, the contest between the Centaurs and Lapi- th;e, and a chariot race. Their exact position in the building is uncertain, though the first is prob- ably the frieze of the external Ionic order. In addition to the histories of Greek sculpture, con- sult: Xewton, Historij of Discoveries of HuUcar- ■nassus, Cnidus, and liranchidw (London, ISG'i) ; and Travels and Discoveries in the Levant (ib., 18G5) ; Oldfield, in Archwolorjia, vols. liv. (180.5) and Iv. (IS'JO) ; Adler, Das Mausoleum zu Hali- karnas (Berlin, 1000) ; A. H. Smith, Catalogue of Sculptures in the British Museum, vol. ii. (Lon- don, 1900), where the fragments are described and sUetclies of the proposed restorations given. MAU'STON. A city and the county-seat of .Juneau t'uunty, Wis., 128 miles northwest of Jlihvaukee. on the Lemonweir River, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad (Slap: Wisconsin, C 5). Good water power is derived from the river, and there are (louring mills, machine shops, and other industrial estab- lishments. Population, in 1800, 1343; in 1000, 1718. MAUVAISES TEBRES, mo-vaz' tar'. See B.M) L.VXDS. MAUVE, mov (Fr., mallow). A color re- scnil)ling the purple markings of the petals of mallow. It is calleil also aniline purple and ani- line violet, and is not now in use among painters. MAUVE, niov, Anton (1838-88). A Dutch landscape and animal painter, born at Zaandam. His family removed to Haarlem when he was a boy, and JIauve stvidied there imder the cattle painter Van Os, but he was chiefly self-taught. Afterwards he spent some time in Oosterbeek, and later lived at The Hague, and at the village of Larcn. ilauve stands with Israels and ilaris in the front rank of modern Dutch painters. He selected sul)jects similar to those painted by Millet, but he was more poetical, if less dra- matic, and lie was the better colorist of the two. Mauve painted in oil and water-color with equal ease, although his last water-colors are con- sidered the best of his works. "The Flock of Sheep," "The Flock Returning," "Near Laren," "On the Heath," and "Evening " are examples of his best work. MAVERICK, Peter (1780-1831). An American engraver, born in New York City. He was the son of Peter JIaverick, etcher and engraver, from wliom he learned his art. He was a founder of the National Academy of Desi.gn and one of the first engravers of note in this country. His plates include the portraits of Henry Clay, after King (1822) ; Bishop Benja- min Moore, after Dunlap; and Andrew Jackson, after Waldo. Asher B. Durand (q.v.), the en- graver, was his pupil, and for a time his partner in 1817. MAVIS (OF. mauvis. nialvis, Fr. mauvi-s, probably from Bret, mil fid, milvid, millhouid. Corn, melhuet, melhues, lark). The song thrush {Tnrdus inusieiis) of Kurope is commonly known in Scotland as the mavis, and although tliis name is now rather uncommon in England, where throstle' and 'redwing' are more often heard, it has passed into literature to such an extent as to be well known wherever English is spoken. (See Song Thblsii.) In Scotland the mistle- thrush (q.v.) is known as 'big mavis.' MAVROCORDATOS, mii'vni-kor-da'tas, Al- EX.NL)EH, Prince (1701-1805). A Greek states- man, born at Constantinople, February 15, 1791, of a Fanariote family celebrated for the part it has played in the affairs of (Jrecce. He was a scholar and an ardent patriot, and devoted himself with singleness of purpose to the cause of Greek independence, expending the bulk of his private fortune for the equipment of fleet and army. He prepared the Greek declaration of independence and the plan of a provisional Government, was elected president of the ex- ecutive body (1822), and undertook the same year an expedition to Epifus, which ended in the unsuccessful battle of Peta ; but he distin- guished himself bv his bold and resolute defense of Mi.ssolonghi (1822-23). Notwithstanding the opposition of the party of Kolokotronis and Demetrius Ypsilanti (see Kolokotronis; Ypsi- LANTI), he was able afterwards to render im- portant services to his country in the heroic defense of Navarino and Sphacteria. He was a steadfast admirer of English policy and in- stitutions, and a fierce opponent of the pro- Russian Government of Capo d'Istria (q.v.). After the accession of King Otho (1832) he was at different times a Cabinet minister and ambas- sador at various courts. The leading feature of his policy — his endeavor to promote British influence — made him at times very unpopular among his countrymen. At the outbreak of the Crimean War he became head of the Cabinet, but resigned after remaining in office for little more than a year. He died August 18, 1865. MAVROMICHALIS, miiv'r.a-me-Kii'les. A Greek princely family of Maina, in the Morea. Its more important members were: Georgios, who led the Mainot revolt of 1770; Petros ( 1775- 1848), often called Petro Bey, who became Bey of Maina in 1816, led the revolt of 1821 in the Morea. became presidrent of the Congress of Astros in 1822, and as leader of the Hellenic party op- posed Capo d'Istria and his Russian policy and was imi)risoned in Nauplia ; and his brother KoN- .ST.^NTixos and son Georgio.s. who had fought bravely in the war of independence and who in 1831 assassinated Capo d'Istria to avenge the im- prisonment of Petro Bey. Georgios was executed and Konstantinos was killed by the President's followers. Petros was set at liberty by the new Administration, and as a reward for his zealous support of Otho was made vice-president of the Council of State. MAW-SEED {maw, AS. mnria, Icel. magi, OllG. maijo, Ger. Magen, stomach + seed). A common name for poppy-seed which is given to cage birds especiallj' when they are moulting. MAX, miiks, Gabriel (1840—). A German historical painter, of the Slunich School. He was born in Prague, the son of the sculptor Joseph Max (1803-54). After his father's death he studied four years at the Academv of Prague, three years in that of Vienna, and from 1803 to I8G9 under Piloty at Munich. His first notable success was achieved bv "The Christian Mart.vr" (18G7), a maiden bound to a rude stone cross, at wliose feet a young Roman patrician, returning at dawn from revelry, lays down a garland. His next noteworthy productions were "The Melan-