Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/22

MANSFIELD COLLEGE. tliuolofrv. pailicuhirly ivr the ccluoation of Con- gregational ministers. The buildings consist of an o])en quadrangle with hall, common rooms, library lecture rooms, and chapel, and are very well designed in tiothic style.

MANSI, niiin'se, Giovanni Domexico (1692- ITil'.'). Jioman t'atholie Arclibishoj) of Lucca. Jle was born at Lucea, February 10, 1(>!I2; taught theology many years at Naples; made literary journeys through Italy, France, and Germany; established an academy in Lucca over which he presided; was made Archbislioj) in ]7t).>; and died in Lucca, Sei)teml)er 27, ITtiO. He is best known as the editor of the great work on the Councils, flacronim Cdnciliornm Xova et Amplissima Col- lectio (31 vols.. Florence, 17.5!) sqq.j, which goes down to the middle of the fiftecntli century. Con- sult his l.ifc, by Zatta (Venice, 1772),

MANSILLA DE GARCIA, nnni-sS'lya da giir-se'a, Ldi.vhda ( ISoS — ). A South American author, born in Huenos Ayres. She married the Argentine diplomatist Manuel Garcia, in 1855. Her novels deal with Argentine .subjects, and have some value from their descriptive quali- ties. They include: El mr<lico dc San Luis (1S.57), and the historical Liicin Miranda, and Pahio 6 la I'ida en las pampas (18G8), which was published in French at Paris.

MANSION HOUSE. The name given to the oflicial residence of the Lord Mayor of London, situated oj)posite the Koyal Kxchange. In its great bancpieting hall, known as the Egyptian Hall, are given the state banquets.

MANSLAUGHTER. The unlawful killing of aiKilhcr withuut malice, express or implied. It is this absence of malice which distinguishes the act from nuirder. Not infrequently persons are charged with this crime who are admittedly free from any moral blame. At conunon law, manslaughter is of two kinds, voluntary and in- viduntary. The former includes cases of inten- tional killing, upon sudden heat or passion due to provor-ation, which palliates the olTense; as when the person killed grossly insults or wrongs the slayer or quarrels with him. In- voliinlani inanshniiilitcr occurs when the killing is not intended, but results from the commis- sion of an unlawful act which falls below the grade of felony (q.v.), or from the doing of a lawful act in an unlawful manner, as in cases of culpable negligence (q.v.), A railroad engineer, a trolley-ear motorman, or a horse-car driver, whose negligent misconduct causes the death of a human being is guilty of manslaughter. Hy modern statutes the oltense has been extended to everA' kind of homiciile (q.v.) which on the one hand is not nuirder (q.v.), and on the other is not justifiable or excusable. It has also been divided into degrees — the first degree inclu<Iing eases marked by unusmil cruelty, or by unlawful conduct of a grave character, such as a deliberate assault or the use of dangerous weapons, or ad- ministering drugs to procure miscarriage; while the second <legree embraces culpable acts and omissions which are less blamewiutby. The common law treated manslaughter as n felony, but within the benefit of clergy. Modern statutes in England punish the more serious forms by penal servitude for life, and the lighter forms by imprisonment or fine. In the United States manslaughter in the first degree is punishable by imjirisonment for a term generally varying from live to twenty years; in the second degree, by iniiirisonment for a shorter term, or by a fine of a limited amount, or by both fine and im- prisonment. See Crimi.xal L.w' (consult the anllicn-itics there cited) : Homicide; Murder. MANSO, niiin'so, Joiiax.v Ivaspab Fbiedricu ( 17t)0-lS2lil. A German philologian and histo- rian, born at Blasienzell (Gotha). He studied at Jena, and from 1790 until his death was rector of an academy at Breslau, His translations from the classics — Vergil's Crorgics (178;!) ; the QSdt- pns Rex of Sophocles (1785) — were not success- ful, but the Ocsrliirhte drs prcnssischen iitaates bis zur ztceiten I'ariser Abk-unft (3 vols., 1819- 20), has more merit, and was much read in its time,

MAN'SON, George (1850-76). A Scotch water-color painter and engraver, born in Edin- burgh. He at first worked as an engraver, and during this tinu> and afterwards studied painting in the Edinburgh School of .Art. In 1875 he took some lessons in etching from Cadart in Paris. His pictures are usually of homely rustic sub- jects, treated with much delicacy and beauty of color. They include ''Milking Time," and "The Gy])sy Well." As an engraver. Manson imitated the simple, direct methods of the Bewicks. Con- sult the preface by Gi*av in George Manson and His Worlds (Edinburgh,'l880).

MANSON, Patrick. A distinguished English physician and parasitologist, and writer on tropical diseases. He first became known by his investigations into the pathology of filarial dis- eases, and was one of the first to suggest the hypothesis that the mosciuito is an active agent in the propagation of malaria. In 1897 he was ma<le medical adviser to the British Colonial Ollices. He has published many monographs on tropical diseases. His most imi)ortant works are: The Goulstonian Lectures (1896), and Tropical DisrasiK (1S9S1. See Insects, Propauation 111 MlSKASi: BY.

MANSURAH, nian-soTi'i-a. A town of Lower Egypt, capital of the Province of Dakahlieh, situated on the right bank of the Damietta arm of the Nile, about 35 miles southwest of Dami- etta, on the Cairo-Damietta Railway (Map: Egj'pt, El). It has extensive cotton manu- factures and carries on a large trade in raw cotton. The town was foiuulcd in 1222 and is noted as the phue where Louis IX. of France was defeated and made prisoner in 1250. Population, in 1897. :!r,,131.

MANT, Ricii.vRD (1776-18481. An Irish bishop. He was born at Soutliam))ton. England; was educated at Winchester School and Trinity College. Oxford, taking his bachelor's degree in 1797; was elected fellow of Oriel College in 1798; was ordained priest in 1803; and was cu- rate and vicar of several i)arishes in and near London. 1804-20. He was made Bishop of Kil- laloe and Kilfeiioragh. Ireland, in 1820, and in 1823 was transferred to the See of Down and Connor. In the House of Lords. Bishop Mant voted against Catholic Emancipation in 1821 and 1825. He was a member in 1830 of the Royal Commission to incpiire into ecclesiastical uniim. He was a prolific writer of poetry, as well as of historical and theological works; and many of his hymns are included in difTerent collections.