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* MATBIARCHATE. 189 MATTER. tbority over husbands wlio have come to live among them. Consult: Westermarck, The His- tory of Uumun Marriage (New York, 1894) ; Li'tourneau. The Evolution uf Marriage (ib., 181(1); Bac-hofen, Das Mutterrecht (Stuttgart, 1801) ; Dargun, Mutterrecht und Rauhehc (Bres- lau, 1883). MATRICULATION (from ML. matrieulare, to enroll, frniii Lat. malricula, register, diminu- tive of iniilri.r, roll, origin, womb, from mater, mother). A term denoting in a general sense enrollment or admission to membership in any body or society, specifically in a college or uni- versity. MATRIMONIO SEGRETO, ma'tre-mo'ne-6 sft-gra'tcj, 1l (It., llie secret marriage). An opera bouli'e in two acts with music by Cinia- rosa and words by Bertali, produced in Vienna m 1792. It was written in imitation of Des- faucheret's Mariage secret. MATRIX (in mathematics). See Deter- MI.X.VNT.S. MA'TRONA'LIA (Lat., neu. pi. of matrona- lis, relating to a matron). A festival of Juno celebrated at Rome by the married women and maidens of the city on the first of ilarch. It typified the sacredness of married life and com- memorated the dedication of the temple of .Juno on the Esquiline, to which in the festival the matrons marched in procession with oflferings for the goddess. MATSXJKATA, milt'soo-ka'ta, Masayoshi, Count ( lS:i.5 — ). A Japanese statesman, born in Satsuma, the .son of a samurai. After the revo- lution lie became head of one of the new prefec- tures and took a prominent part in the tax reform of 1875. He became Jlinister of Com- merce in 1880, of Finance in 1881, imperial Count in 1884, and Cabinet president with the portfolio of Finance in 1891. He retired in 1893, but in 189ti formed a new Cabinet, became Minis- ter of Finance, introduced the gold standard, which put Japanese credit on a firm basis, and retired in December. 1897. because of opposition to his prof^'rannne of ta.xation. MATSUMAI, ma-tsoo'mi, or MATSUMAYE. A .seaport of .lapan. See Fukuyama. MATSXJMOTO, mii'tsoo-mo'to. A town of .Japan in the District of Nagano, situated nearly in the centre of tlie island of Ni])pon. 100 miles northwest of Tokio (Jlap: .Tapan, E .5). It lies in a wide fertile plain surrounded by mountains, and contains a picturesque remnant of an old liaimio castle. It manufactures silks, baskets, and preserved fruits. Population, in 1898, 31,324. MATSUSHI'MA. A small village on the Bay of Sendai. on the east coast of northern Hondo. .Japan, off which, in a shallow lagoon, lies a group of SOS tiny islets and rocks (also called Malsi'ishima, or 'Pine Islands'), ranging in height from 30 to 300 feet, rising steeply out of the water and covered with pines and stunted brush- wood, forming a beautiful natural garden. It is one of the 'three natural wonders' of the coast; the other two are found at Miyadzu and Miya- jima (qq.v.), MATSTJYAMA, ma'tsoo-yil'ma. A town of Japan, capital of the District of Ehinie and of the former Province of lyo. It is situated in the western part of the island of Shikoku, 5 miles from its port, Mitsu, with which it is connected bj- a railroad (Map: Japan, C 7). It is chiefly noted for its large feudal castle, formerly the seat of a daimio, which was one of the few pre- served as specimens by the Imperial Covernmcnt when feudalism was abolished. Population, in 1898, 35,545. MATSXJYE, ma-tsoo'yft, or Mat.sue. A town of Japan, capital of the District of Shiniane and formerly of the Province of Idzumo. It is situ- ated on a small inlet of the Sea of .Japan, on the north coast of the great southwestern peninsula of the island of Nippon, 140 miles northwest of Kioto (Map: Japan, ((>). It is a clean, pros- perous city, with numerous temples, and is noted for the manufacture of paper and the polishing of agates. Population, in 1898, 34,651. MAT'TATHI'AS (Hcb. Mittithyuh, Gift of Yalnveh). A priest, father of .Judas Maccabieus. See JIaccabees. MAT'TAWA, or MATTAWAN. A town in Nipissing District, Ontario. Canada, on the Canadian Pacific Railroad (Map: Ontario. EI). It is an important distributing point for lumber- ing di.stricts, and a favorite rendezvous for moose-hunting parties, sportsmen, and anglers. Population, in 1891, 1438; in 1901, 1400. MATTAWA RIVER. A tributary of the Ottawa River, Canada. It has its source in Trout Lake, near Lake Nipissing, and after an eastward course of fifty miles flows into the Ottawa River at ]Iattawa Town ( Jlap : Ontario, E 1 ). Prior to the railway era it was an im- portant trading route from upper Ottawa to the Great Lakes, and is now much resorted to for the fine angling it affords. MATTEAWAN, mat'te-a-won'. A village in Dutchess County. N. Y., 15 miles south of Pough- keepsie; on Fislikill Creek, and on the New- burg, Dutchess and Connecticut, and the New Y'ork, New Haven and Hartford railroads (Map: New Y'ork, G 4). It has the State Hospital for the Criminal Insane, Highland Hospital, New Hospital, and the Howland Circulating Library, with about 7000 volumes. The village possesses water power for manufacturing, and its indus- tries are represented by wool and straw hat shops, machine shops, silk mills, novelty works, etc. Matteawan was founded in 1814. Popula- tion, in 1890. 4278: in 1900, 5807. MATTE COPPER. See Copper, section on MrtiiUuriiii. MATTEI, ma-ta'e, TiTO (1841 — ). An Ital- ian pianist, born at Campobasso. He studied in Naples under several masters, including Thal- berg. Conti, and Ruta. Afterwards he played in Paris and London, and made several success- ful tours. His compositions include the operas Maria di Gand (1877) and The Grand Duke (1888), The Spider and the Fly (1893), and many songs, besides considerable instrumental music. MATTEO DI BASSI, mattaV. de biis's*. An Observantine Franciscan, founder of the Order of tlie Capuchins (q.v.). MATTER (OF. matiere, matere. matire. Fr. maticrr, from Lat. materia, matter; connected with Skt. ma, to measure, build). A concept of physical science. The essential nature of matter is generally considered to be unknowable. Broad- ly, the material world is discriminated from the world of mind, although it is conceded that