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* MANSFIELD. n MANSFIELD COLLEGE. country and lias three peaks, tlie highest of which is 4304 feet above sea-level. Its summit affords one of the finest views in New England, ineluding Lake Champlain with the Adirondacks beyond, and a large part of the Green and White mountains. MANSFIELD, Edward Deerino (1801-80). An American author, born in New Haven, Conn. He graduated at West Point in 1819, but declined to enter the army and studied at Princeton, from which he graduated in 1822. In 1825 he was ad- mitted to the bar. He afterwards removed to Cincinnati, and in 1836 became professor of con- stitutional law in Cincinnati College. Shortly afterwards, however, he abandoned the legal pro- fession to engage in journalism, and edited suc- cessively the Cincinnati Chronicle, Atlas, and Railroad Record. He was Commissioner of Sta- tistics for the State of Ohio from 1857 to 1867, was a member of the Societe Fran<;aise de Statis- tique Universelle. and published: Political Gram- mar of the United states (1834) : Life of Gen. Winficld Scott (1846); History of the Mexican War (1848); and American Education (1850). MANSFIELD, Joseph Ivjxg Fenno (1803- 62). An .iiicrican soldier. He was born in New Haven, Conn., graduated second in his class at West Point in 1822, was assigned to the Engineer Corps as brevet second lieutenant, and during the next twenty-four years was engaged almost continuously on engineering work for the Gov- ernment, his most important service being the construction of Fort Pulaski, for the defense of Savannah River. Ga., to which he devoted most of his time between 1830 and 1846. During the jMexican War lie served throughout the nortli- ern campaign as chief engineer under General Taylor, with the rank of captain, constructing and aiding in the defense of Fort Browni, taking a prominent part in the battle of Monterey (where he was wounded) and in the battle of liuena Vista, and receiving the successive brevets of major, lieutenant-colonel, and colonel. He then served as a member of the Board of Engi- neers for the Atlantic coast defense from Slareh, 1848. to April. 1853, and of the board for the Pacific coast defenses from April to Jlay, 1853, and from 1853 to April, 1861, was inspector-gen- eral of the United States Army with the rank of colonel. During the Civil War he was engaged in organizing companies of volunteers at Colum- bus, Gliio, in April, 1861: commanded the De- partment of Washington from April to July, 1861 : was appointed brigadier-general of volun- teers in May: was in command of the city of Washington from .July to October; then com- manded successively at Camp Hamilton. Newport News, and Suffolk, Va. : captured Norfolk. Va., on May 10, 1862: was raised to the rank of major-general in .July; commanded a division in the Army of the Potomac during the Maryland campaign, and was mortally wounded at Antie- tam on Septeiiiber 17, 1862.' MANSFIELD, PiicHARD (18.57 — ). An Ameri- can actor, born in the island of Helgoland, 5Iay 24, 1857, the son of Madame Pvudersdorff (Mans- field), the noted singer. He was educated chiefly in Germany and England, and when about seven- teen years of age came to Boston, Mass.. where he worked as a clerk in a dry-goods store and studied painting for a short time. In 1875 he returned to England, and after several years of severe privation engaged at length with some success in comic opera. His first appearance on the American stage was in 1882 in New York. In January, 1883, he won a striking success as Baron Chevrial in A Parisian Romance at the Union Square Theatre. This was followed by a number of modern and classic rr>les, which within ten years gained him a leading place among American actors. Among his parts have been Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1887); Richard III., produced in London in 1889; Beau Bruni- niell (1890); Arthur Dimmesdale in his own dramatization of The Scarlet Letter (1892); Shylock (1893): Bluntschli in Arms and the Man (1894) ; Dick Dudgeon in The Dci-il's Dis- ciple (1897) ; Cyrano de Bergerac (1898) ; Henry V. (1900); Monsieur Beaucaire (1901); and Brutus in .hilius Ccesar (1902). Deep study and careful elaboration of detail characterize Mans- field's work, both in comedy and tragedy. In 1892 Mansfield married Beatrice Cameron. Consult: Hapgood, The Stage in America in 1807-1900 (New York, 1901); Strang, Famous Actors of To-day in America (Boston, 1900) ; McKav and Wingate, Famous American Actors of To-dn'y (New York, 1896). MANSFIELD, William Murray, first Earl of (1705-93), A celebrated British jurist. He was horn March 2, 1705, the fourth son of David, Viscount Stormont. He studied at Christ Church, Oxford, took the degree of M.A. in 1730, and was called to the bar in the same year. Through the facility and force of his oratory, as well as through the clearness of his understand- ing, he acquired a brilliant reputation and an extensive practice ; in cases of appeal he was often employed before the House of Lords. In 1741 he was appointed by the Ministry Solicitor- General, entered the House of Commons as mem- ber for Boroughbridge, and at once took a high position. In 1746 he acted, ex-oflicio, as counsel against the rebel lords Lovat, Balmerino, and Kilmarnock: and in 1754 he was appointed King's Attorney. He became Chief Justice of the King's Bench in 1756. At this time he entered the House of Lords under the title of Baron Mansfield of Mansfield in the County of Notting- ham. As his opinions were not those of the popular side, he was exposed to much abuse and party hatred. .Junius, among others, bitterly attacked him; and in the Gordon riots of 178, his house, with all his valuable books and nianu- .scripts, was burned. He declined with dignity indemnification by Parliament. In 1776 he was made Earl of Mansfield. He worked hard as a judge till 1788, when age and ill health forced him to resign. His death occurred on ilarch 20, 1793. He was a brilliant parliamentary debater, fluent, clear, and logical, and one of the greatest who ever sat on the bench. Consult: A General ViciD of the Decisions of Lord Mansfield (ed. by Evans, London, 1803) ; Report of Cases Argued and Adjudfird in the Court of the King's Bench During the Time of Lord Mansfield's Presidency in that Court (Dublin, 1794) ; Holliday, Life of William, Late Earl of Mansfield (London, 1797). MANSFIELD COLLEGE. A theological col- lege at Oxford, England, not incorporated with the university. It was founded in 1886 by the transfer to Oxford of Spring Hill College, Bir- mingham, and has been erected and supported by the Congregational churches for the study oi