Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/19

* MANOR. 7 ed., London, 1890) ; Ashley. An Introduction to Emjlish Economic History and Theory (2 vols., London, 1888-93). 8eo the articles Feud.lism; Te.vuke. MANORIAL COURT. See M.xoK. MANRESA, man iTi'sa. A town in the Piov- inee ot liareelona. Spain, 30 miles northwest of the city of that name (ilap: Spain. F 2). It is pieturesquely situated on the left banl< of the Cai'doner, and in an amphitheatre of hills crowned by a large Gotliic cathedral of the four- teentl) century. It lias a high school, conducted by the Jesuits, and in the neighborhood is the Convent of Santo Domingo, in which Ignatius of ' Loyola dwelt for a year, and which is on that account a place of pilgrimage. The surrounding region is irrigated by a canal fed by the Llobre- gat River. JIanresa has manufactures of cotton and woolen yarns, and silk fabrics. In ISII it was set on fire by ]Iarshal Macdonald. Popula- tion, in 1887, 19.000; in 1900, 23,416. MANRIQTJE, man-re'ka, Gomez (1412-91). A Spanish poet, uncle of the more celebrated Jorge, born in 1412, of a noble family. He played an important part in the disturbances of the" reign of Henry IV. In his earlier lyrics he adhered to the Provencal-Galician methods, but he soon affiliated himself with the movement that aimed at the Italianizing of Castilian poetical forms. He attained some success in the composition of the political satire, but the pathetic note is the most distinctive one in his lyrics. Gomez also essayed the drama in several pieces, the best of which is the liturgical play. Represent acion del nacimiento de yiicstro Seilor. Consult his Cancionero, edited by A. Paz y Melia (Madrid, 1885-86). MANRIQTTE, Jorge (1440-78). A Spanish poet. He fell in battle in 1478. when yet hardly old enough to have attained the fullness of his poetical power. The greater part of his verse preserved in the Cancionero general of 1511 and in other Cancioneros gives little evidence of any extraordinary merit in him, and his fame is really based on a single jioem, that written in commemoration of the death of his father, the Maestre de Santiago. This suffices. _ however, to make his name one to be remembered as long as his language remains intelligible. In verses raoumfidly sweet of tone, the exquisite coplas of this composition proclaim the vanity and brief duration of all things terrestrial and the neces- sity of yielding to death as so many, even the most powerful and exalted of human beings, have had to do. Longfellow's graceful translation of the poem has preserved nmch of the dignity and pathos of the original. The Spanish text may be found in vol. xxxv. of the Bihlioteca de autores espafioles (Madrid, 1872). MANS. An .aboriginal people occupying some of the mountainous parts of the Chinese prov- inces of Sze-chuan and Yun-nan, portions of Tong- king, etc. During the last half century they have been forced more and more into the hills. The Mans are short in stature and mesocephalic. They are more or less nomadic and do not mix readily with other peoples of the country. They are looked upon as part of the aboriginal popu- lation of Sze-chuan, driven back into Yunnan about the third century a.d. by the advance of the Chinese, and now moving seaward along the MANSART. heights of land. The Mans and the Lolos (q.v.) seem to be linguistically related. MANS, max, Le. The capital of the Depart- ment of Sarthe, and formerly of the Province of Maine in Northwestern France. It is situated in the centre of the department, on both sides of the river Sarthe, 116 miles (132 miles by rail) southwest of I'aris (Map: France, G 3). It is an old town, but has many wide streets and avenues, some of recent construction, and several parks and promenades. The most notable build- ing is the Cathedral of Saint Julien, which is one of the most beautiful churches of France. It was built in the period Ijetween the eleventh and the fifteenth centuries, and has a magiiiflcent choir built in pure Gothic style. It holds the tomb of Berengaria, the Queen of Richard Cceur- de-Lion. The Church of Kotre Dame de la Cou- ture is also notable. The town has a seminary, two normal schools, and a public library, con- taining 53,000 volumes. There are also excellent museums of natural history, art, and arclia;ology. The principal manufactures are chemicals, es- pecially sulphuric acid, tobacco, sail-cloth, in- struments and clocks, chocolate, and candles. There is a chamber of commerce and of agricul- ture, and the town has considerable trade in cattle, poultry, eggs, fruit, grain, and wine. Population of the commune, in 1891, 57.412; in 1901, 63,272, with 52,902 in the city proper. Le Mans existed before the Roman conquest. Its original name was Vindinvini. It was' the chief city of the Cenomani, from whom it received its present name. It was fortified by the Romans, and became one of the most important cities of the Prankish Kingdom. It was taken by William the Conqueror in 1063. and suffered many sieges during the long Anglo-French wars. The Ven- deans were defeated here in December, 1793. and the city subjected to a massacre. In 1871 it was the scene of the defeat of Chanzy's army by the Germans under Prince Frederick Charles, in a battle lasting from the 10th to the 12th of Janu- ary. MANSARD ROOF. A form of roof named after Francois Mansart (q.v.). It is constructed with a break in the slope of the roof, so that each side has two planes, the lower being steeper tlian the upper. This kind of roof has the advantage over the common form of giving more space in the roof for living room. MANSART, nuiN'sar', or MANSARD, Fr. - rois (1598-1666). A Frencli architect, born in Paris. He designed many important private houses in Paris and provincial chateaux, the Church of Val de Grace, parts of the Chateau of Blois. and the Hotel Carnavalet. The form of roof known as Mansard is named from him. — His nephew, Jules H.RDonx-M.N.s.KT (1G45-1708). also an architect, was born in Paris, the son of an obscure painter, named Hardouin, who had mar- ried a sister of Francois Mansart. He studied architecture under his great-uncle and under Bruant. .and, being also a skillful courtier, se- cured Louis XIV. for patron, and entered upon the construction of some of his most splendid works. The Chateau de Clagny was his first work, executed for Mme. de Montespan. His next was on the Palace of Versailles, which he began in 1660. building the south wing, the Grande Galerie, then the north wing, the grand stairway, and the chapel (1677-1708). Besides this, he