Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/124

* MARSH HAWK. 104 MARSH-WREN. globular, dirty-white eggs. Consult: Fisher, HaiiLs and Owls of the i'niled Slates (Wash- ington. 1S!)3) ; Coues, Birds of the yorlhwcst (Washington, 1874), and standard authorities. See Plate of E.oles and Hawks. MARSH HEN, or Mud Hen. A gunner's name fur various rails, coots, and gallinules (.I4.V.1. MARSH-MALLOW. A name applied to .W- lliaa o/ficiitalis. native of (ireat Britain and nat- uralized in the I'nited States, in both of which countries it grows in meadows and marshes, par- ticularly near the seacoast. The whole plant. MAR8n-.MALLOW {Altbica oOlciaaUs). which is a woody herb, abounds in mucilage, espe- cially in the root, confections made from it be- ing known as putcs dc guimauic. The leaves and tender twigs are used for food in some re- gions <luring seasons of scarcity. The hollyhock {Althwa rnsca) is an allied species. See rioLLY- HOCK; Alth.ea. MARSH'MAN, .Josiuta ( 1708-18.37 ) . An Eng- lish missionary, lie was born at W'estbury Leigh, Wiltshire, and was sent in 17!I!1 by the Baptist Missionary Society to India to join William Carey (q.v. ) and his colleagues. They established their mission at Scrampore, a Danish colony, l(i miles above Calcutta, and to supplement the scanty funds sent out by the society, schools were opened for both European and native children. This course did not meet the ap|>roval of the society, and in 1820 Marshman returned to England to try to etTect a settlement of the dilTerences. He failed in his object, and the matter ended in a separa- tion of the Serampore mission from (he society. He returned to Serampore in 18'2!) and died there. December ."). 18;i7. In a<lditi(in to his special mis- sionary duties. Dr. Marshman gave himself with great zeal lo the study of the Bengalee. .San- skrit, and Chinese languages, which he mastered. He published: .1 lUxsfrlntion on the I'htirar- teYs and fiounds of the Chinese Language (1800); The Works of Confucius. Containing the Original Text with a Translation (1809); Clavis Sinica (1814); EIrmenIs of Chinese Orammar. trilh a Preliminary TM.isertation on the Chnraetrrs and Colloquial Medium of the Chinese (1814). He also prepared the first com- plete Chinese version of the Bible. He assisted Dr. Carey in preparing a Sanskrit grammar and a Bengalee and English dictionary, and the Bible in Telugu. Consult : J. C. ^hirshman, Life and Times of the Scrampur Missionaries (London, 18")!)) : Carey. Mdrshiiian ami Ward, an abridg- ment of the above (ib., 1804). MARSH-MARIGOLD, I'altha. A genus of plants of the natural order Ranuneulacea'. Vulllia /Miliislris is a very common American plant, with kidney-shaped, shining leaves, and large yellow llowers, a principal ornament of wet meadows and the sides of streams in spring. MARSH-MAiiiaoi.D {Citltlia palustris). It partakes of the acridity common to the order; but the flower-buds, jjreserved in vinegar and salt, are said to be a good substitute for capers. The plant is used before flowering as a pot lierli in man}' places. MARSH PLANTS. See Swamp. MARSH-ROSEMARY. A name given to several si)ecics of SUitice, members of the natural order Plumbaginaccie. Statice lAmonium. a tvv- ennial plant, grows in salt marshes along the sea- shore of Southern and Western ICurope. and Slat- iee Caroliniana is an. u'rican jilant, growing in -imilar localities on the Ameriran coast. Miusli- rosemary has ;i tuft of sp;itiilate oblong, bristly jiointed, one-ribbed leaves, developing in August a nuich-branched, panicled scajie. from one to two feet high, bearing numerous small lavender-col- ored flowers. MARSH'S TEST. See Ausenic. MARSH TREFOIL. A plant widely dis- trilnilcd in iiortlicrn latitudes. See Bi'CK Bean. MARSH-WREN. . wren that inhabits reedy marshes. In the I'nited States and Canada two s[wcies are more or less numerous wherever such marshes occur. The most familiar one along the .-Vtlantie Coast is the long-billed marsh- wren iCistothorus palustris), while the short- billed (Cislnthorus stellaris) is more numerous in the interior of the coimtry. Both arc brown- ish above and light-colored below, willi little to distinguish them besides the marked difTcrencc in the length of the bill; bu( the long-billed is the larger. Both species are migratory, and are notorious for their excited activity, mice-like man-