Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/123

* MARSHALL. 103 MARSH HAWK. an eloquent man, considered in some quarters the greatest preaclier of the day, but nut learned or original. Beginning with the advocacy of a reform of the Church of England, while retaining episcopacy and liturgy, he ended with the dc jure divino Presbyterian theory. He was one of the leaders of the Westminster Assembly (1G43 sqq. ). Marshall published many sermons. One treatise, A Defen.sc of Infant liaplisiii (164(i), may be mentioned. He was also one of the joint authcirs of a pamphlet published -at London (lU 1 1 ), called An Ansn-cr to a liooke [by J. Hall, Bishop of Norwich] enlituled An Uumhlc h'emoii- strancc. In which the originall of Liturgy [and] Episcopacy is Discussed. And Quwres Propound- ed Concerning Both. Written by Smectynuiuus. MARSHALL, William Calder (1813-04). A Scotch sculi)tor. He was born at Edinburgh, March 18, 1813. He .studied sculpture at the Trustj>es' Academy. Edinburgh, and at London, imder Chantry and Bailey. In the schools of the Koyal -Vcadeniy he won a gold medal and traveling seholarshij). and from 1836 to 1838 continued his studies in Rome. From the time of his return t» London (1839) he contributed to almost every animal art exhibition. His work was chiefly idealistic statuary, and among his productions of tills class are: "The Creation of Adam" (184'2); "Christ Blessing Little Children" (1844) ; "Paul and Virginia" (184.5) ; "Sabrina" (1840), perhaps the most popular of all his fig- ures; "The First Whisper of Love;" and "The Dancing (Jirl Keposing." In historical figures he modeled the bronze statue of Sir Eoliert Peel at ilanchoster; one of Dr. .Tenner; and in the Westminster Palace, busts of Chaucer, Lord Clarendon, and Lord Somers. In decoration, he was extensively engaged in the ornamentation of the new Houses of Parliament and the Welling- ton Chapel in Saint Paul's Cathedral. He was also tlie designer of the Wellington monument. The style of all his productions is marked by sim- plicity and refinement, and the conception of his statuettes is delicate and poetical. He died at London, .Tune 10, 1804. MARSHALL ISLANDS. ' An archipelago in Micronesia, situated east of the Caroline Islands and belonging to Germany (ilap: Australasia, J 2). It consists of two parallel chains of atolls, the Ratak chain in the east and the Ralik in the west, with an aggregate area of 158 square miles. The islands are low and the soil very poor, .sup- porting a scanty fiora, in which the cocoanut and the breadfruit tree predominate. Copra is the only export, and amounts to over 2000 tons an- niinlly. The population of the whole archipelago in 1S!17 numbered l.'i.OOO, of whom less than a hundred were Europeans. The islands are ad- niinisterpd by an Imperial Commissioner resid- ing on the island of .Taluit. MAR'SHALLTOWN. A city and the coun- ty-seat of Marshall County. Iowa. fiO miles north- east of Dps Moines; on the Iowa Central, the Chi- cago, and Northwestern, and the Chicago Great Western railroads (^lap: Iowa, E 2). It is the seat of the Iowa State Soldiers' Home, with 800 inmates, and has a public library. Among its industrial establishments are extensive meat- packing plants, glucose factories, flour-mills, grain elevator^, foundries and machine shops, canning and bottling works, and carriage and furniture factories. Settled in 1860, Marshall- town was incorporated as a town in 1803 and re- ceived a charter as a city of the second class in 1808. The government is administered under a general State law of 1898 which provides for a mayor, elected biennally, and a unicameral coun- cil that elects the waterworks committee. The school board is chosen by popular vote. The city owns and operates the water-works and electric- light plant. Population, in 1890, 8914; in 1900, 11,544. MAR'SHALSEA. A former prison in South- wark, London, connected with a court of the same name. It was abolished in 1849. MARSH-CALD'WELL, Mrs. Anne (1791- 1874). An English novelist, daughter of .Tames Caldwell, of Linley Wood, Statl'ordshire. In I8I7 she married .Arthur Cutldiert Marsh, of East- bury Lodge, Hertfordshire. Encourageil by Har- riet Martineau, she published Tivo Old Men's Tales (1834). In the course of a few years she took rank among the popular novelists of her time. She published anonj'mously, and a complete list of her novels has never been made. Fifteen volumes appeared in the Parlour. J Abrnry (1857). They depict mostly tlie manners of the upper middle class and the lower aristocracy. Emilia Wyndham (1846) seems to be one of the best. MARSH CROCODILE. See Muggek. MARSH'FIELD. A city in Wood County, Wis., 185 miles mu'thwest of Milwaukee; on the Chicago and Northwestern, the Wisconsin Cen- tral, the Chicago, Saint Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha, and other railroads (Map: Wisconsin. C 4). It has a public library, a hospital, and a water-cure sanatorium. Marshfield derives its chief importance from a trade in grain and live stock, and from extensive manufactures of lum- ber, including staves, headings, barrels, furniture, veneer, etc. There are also manufactures of bed springs and mattresses. Population, in 1890, 3450; in 1900, 5240. MARSH GAS. See Methane. MARSH HARE, or RABBIT. A hare (Le- pus palustris) of the lowlands along the South- ern Atlantic seaboard, which is slightly larger than the cottontail, measuring 18 inches, and differs in its nearly bare feet and more scanty pelage. It frequents boggy lands, and readily takes to the water. MARSH HAWK, or Harrier. A bird of prey (Circus eynncus of Europe, or Cirrus IJnd- snnius of North America) which haunts marshy l)lace's. The adult male is light bluish gray, the tail is barred with 6 to 8 bands, and the tips of the wings are blackish. The female is dusky or rusty brown, streaked about the head. Both sexes may be easily recognize<l by the broad white patch on the rump. Though long-winged and ca]iable of strong flight, it is habitually slow in its movements, sweeping back and forth over low meadows, river margins, and wet ground gen- erally, in search of the small game to be fotind in such places, keeping near the ground, and dropping siuldenly upon its prey — more often a frog or a mouse than anything else. Only rarely docs it seize a bird or disturb poultry; and its services are of great value to the agriculturists, and should be encournfred. It was classed as 'ignoble' in falconry. These hawks nest upon the ground in some marsh, and lay four or five nearly