Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/120

* MARSHAL. 100 MABSHALL. town or village police officer, and is to be dis- tinguished from the officers of the county called sheritts, and from the officers of the justices' courts called constables. Besides their functions in connection with the courts, the V'nite<l States marshals discharge duties in connection with the administration of the internal revenie service, jjublie lands, the mail service, etc. They are ap- pointed by tiie President with the advice and con- sent nf the Senate for a term of four years. MABSHALING (of assets, securities, liens). The act of directing the application or dis- tribution of assets, securities, liens, etc., so that the rights of creditors, lienors, and others having rights in the same fund or funds or other property are protected according to the equities of the dill'crent parties in interest. The princi- ple upon which this is done is the equitable rule that a party who is entitled to satisfaction or security out of one or more of several funds or properties which must be looked to by others for their satisfaction or security shall not be allowed to elect to satisfy or secure himself so as to exclude another who is entitled to resort to only one of the funds, when the first party can otherwise sufficiently protect himself. This rule is applied where A has a mortgage on two pieces of property, one of which is also subject to a subordinate mortgage to another party. In that case A. in the event of foreclosure, will be com- pelled to lirst exhaust that i]ani-l (if land which IS otherwise unincumbered in order that the se- curity of the other party may not be entirelj- destroyed ; or A may be allowed to foreclose the doubly incumbered piece upon condition that he subrogate the other party to his rights in the other piece. The more common applications of the rule are to foreclosures, the settlement of decedents' estates, and the distribution of assets of insolvents or bankrupts. Consult the authori- ties referrerl to under Kqi'Itv. MABSHALING OF ABMS. In heraldry, the science of arranging several coats of arms on the same escutcheon. See Heraldky. MAB'SHALL. . city and the county-seat of Clark Ciiunty. 111.. 11! miles west by south of Terre Haute. Ind.: on the Clcvelanil. Cincinnati. Chicago and Saint l.onis and the Vandalia Line railroads (Map: Illinois, E 4). It has some trade and manufactures of fhnir. lumber, woolen goods, condensed milk. etc.. and is in an agricul- tural and stock-raising district. Population, in 18!I0, inOO: in 1000, 2077. MABSHALL. A city and the county-seat of Calhiiiui Cnunly. Mich..' 108 miles west of De- troit; on the Kalamazoo Kiver, and on the Cin- cinnati, .Taekson and Mackinaw and the Michi- gan Central railroads (Map: Michigan, .T (i). It has the grounds nf the Cnunly .grieultural Society, and a line high sehonl building, county courthouse, and jail. The city is the centre of a rich farming section, and manufactures bi- cycles, hot-air furnaces, school and church furni- ture, carriages and wagons, balhlibs, caskets, windmills, electrical appliances, farming imple- ments, medicines. flo<ir. breakf:ist food, etc. There are also marble and gr;niite works, and roundhouses of the Cincinn:ili. .Taekson and Mackinaw Railroad. Marshall own" and operates the waterworks and electric-light plants, bcitli of which are run bv water power, on a profitable basis. Population, in 1800, .3008; in 1000, 4370. MARSHALL. A city and the county-.scat of Lyon County, Minn., 105 miles west by south of Saint Paul ; on the Redwood Kiver, and on the Crcat Xorthern and the Chicago and Northwest- ern railroads (Map: Minnesota, C 6). It has a public library; and among the prominent build- ings are the public schools, county courthouse, and county jail. An important trade is carried on, and there are several grain elevators, a Hour mill, and a creamery. Population, in 1800, 1203; in 10(10, 2088. MABSHALL. A city and the county-seat nf Saline Count}-, Mo., 84 miles east of Kansas City; on the Chicago and Alton and the Missouri Pacific railroads (Map: Missouri, 2). It is the seat of Missouri Valley College (Cumberland Presbyterian), founded in 1880, and has a Roman Catholic academy, and a handsome courtliouse ( .'i;7o,000) and opera house. There is a tine pub- lic square noteworthy for its large trees. !Mar- shall is near deposits of coal, salt, and building stone, and carries on an im[)ortant trade and manufactures flour, creamery products, lundicr, brick and tile, carriages and wagons, and canned goods. Population, in 1800, 4207; in 1000, 5080. MARSHALL. A city and the county-seat of Harrison County, Texas", 40 miles northwest of Shreveport, La. ; on the Texas and Pacific and the Texas Southern railroads (Map: Texas, G 3). It is the seat of Wiley University (Methotlist Episcopal) and Bishop College (Baptist) for negroes, and has a fine courthouse and o])era house. The city is in a fertile agricultural region adapted particularly for fruit aiul vcgetalile cul- tivation, and the vicinity possesses valuable o;ik and pine forests. Among the industrial enter- prises are a foundry and machine shops, cotton compress, saw and planing mills, carriage works, railroad shops of the Texas and Pacific, car-whecd works, etc. The water-works are owned and operated bv the municipality. Population, in 1800. 7207: in 1000, 7S.55. MARSHALL, Alfred (1842—). An English econnmi^t. born in London. From the Merchant Taylors' School he passed to Saint .Tnhn's Col- lege. Cambridge, where he graduated with distinc- tion and was appointed fellow of his college (1805). and lecturer in moral science (18081. In 1877 he became principal of University Col- lege, Bristol, and in 1883-84 lecturer and fellow of Balliol College. Oxford. In 1884 he was elected to the chair of political economy at Cambridge University. In 1801 he was appointed a mem- ber of the Royal Commission of Labor. In collaboration with his wife he published (1870) Hroiioinirs of Industri/. His I'riiiciiilrfi nf Ecimo- tiiics (1800) won for him the position of one of the foremost of English economists. In this work he .seeks to present and reconcile the essential iloctrines of both classical and modern economics. He j)ul)lished also: Present Position of Economics (1880) : Elements of Economics (1801) ; and a long list of articles in scientific and popular periodicals. MARSHALL, Arttii'R Mii.xes (1852-03). An I'.ngli^h naturalist, born at Birmingham. He received his B... degree from the London Uni- versity at the age fif eighteen and then went to Cambridge, where he grailualed in 1874. In the following year he was sent by that university to its zoi'dogical station at Naples. Upon his re- turn, he began the study of medicine, and in