Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 13.djvu/117

* MARSDEN. 97 MABSEILLES. entered the English Cliurcli; studied at Saint John's College, Cambridge, and was ordained in 17!t.'!, and in 1704 sailed as chaplain to the penal colony at Paramatta, near Sydney, Australia. Keeeiving a grant of land and 13 convicts to till it as part payment for his services, he made it the model farm in New South Wales, and devoted the profits from it to the support of schools and missions. A mutinous spirit showing itself among the convicts, Marsden sailed for England (1807), mainly for the i)ur])ose of obtaining ])pr- mission for the friends of the convicts to accom- pany them to the penal colony. This was re- fuseil. hut his proposal that the convicts should be taught trades was well received. Having had some intercourse with the JIaoris of New Zea- land, and found them to be .superior to the Aus- tralian natives, he endeavored, while in England, to obtain funds for the formation of a mis- sion among them, and missionaries to accompany him. Two laymen, William Hall and John King, consented to go as pioneers, and accompanied Mar.sden to Australia, August. 1809. They were soon followed by Thomas Kendall. He employed these teachers in laying the foundations of a ('hristian civilization, frequently visited them, and in his fourth visit took with him the Rev. Henry Williams, who afterwards became bishop of a Maori district. He procured reenforcements for the mission from the English and Wesleyan churches, induced the natives to adopt a fixed form of government, provided for the preparation of a grammar and dictionary of the Maori lan- guage, and lived to .see the people Christianized. He died at Windsor, May 12, 1838. Consult his Life by .1. li. Marsden (London. 1839). MARSDEN, William (175418.36). An Eng- lish Orientalist, born in Dublin. In 1770 he was ajipointed to the civil service of the East India Company at Bencoolen, Sumatra, became secre- tary to the Government, and acquired a thorough knowledge of the Malay language. Returning to England in 1779 with a pension, he devoted himself to literature, and published a Hisiorii of Xiinintrn (1783), In 1807 he retired to private life and study, in 1812 published his Grnmmar and Diclinnnry of the Malai/ Lanrjunqe. and in 1817 a translation of Marco Polo. In 1834 he presented to the British Museum his collection of 3447 Oriental coins, and in 1835 his library of Oriental books and manuscripts to King's Col- lege. He published also A (rrammnr of the Matai/an LaiiriiKiqe (1812) and Numismata Orirntalia (1823)! MARSEILI/AISE, milr'sa'yaz'. The hymn iif 111,- I'iciirh I'.evolution and anthem of freedom in nil European movements of liberation since. In .|iril, 1792. when a column of vohuitcers was altout to leave Strassburg, the Mayor of the city, Dieilrich, gave a banquet on the occasion and asked an officer of artillery mimed Rouget de l.isle to compose a song in their honor. Rouget wrote the words during the night, adapting the nnisic probably from the Oratorio Esther, by .lean Baptiste Lucicn Orison, and calling it the Cliiint (Ir niirrrr de I'rirmee dii ffhiit. On the following day it was sung with rapturous en- thusiasm, and instead of flOO volunteers, 1000 marched out of Strassburg. The whole .rmy of the North soon took up the song. In Paris the song was unknown till the Marseilles battalion brought it to the city and sang it at the storming of the Tuileries. It was received with trans- ports by the Parisians, who — ignorant of its r^l authorship — named it Hymtie des Uarseil- lais, which name it has ever since borne. The last and most pathetic strophe, the stance des enfants, was not written by Rouget de Lisle, but was added later. The following is the first verse, with refrain, approved in 1887 by a conniiission appointed by the French Minister of Var to determine the e.xact form of the song: AlloDS enfants de la i)atrie, Le jour de jrloin; est arrivC ! Contre nous de la t.vraniiie L'etendard saii^liint est 1<'V<5 (bis) Entendez-voiis dans ces oanipagnes Mugircert f4l-oces Holdats? Ils^vieiiiient jusque dans nos braB Egorger iios Ills, nos compagnes. See Rouget de Lisle. MARSEILLE, mar'sa'y', Folquet de. See FoLyiET DE Marseille. MARSEILLES, miir-salz' (Fr. MAR- SEILLE, mar'sa'y'). The principal seaport of France, the second city of the Republic in point of population ; capital of the Department of Bouches-du-Rhone, and an important military and naval station. It is on the eastern shore of an inlet of the Oulf of Lyons. 25 miles east of the principal mouth of the Rhone, and 510 miles by rail southeast of Paris; latitude 43° 17' N.. longi- tude 5 :• 23' E. ( -Map : France, .M 8 ) . Its location is picturesque, the ground rising on all sides in an amphitheatre of vood-cro^^^led hills 1200 to 1800 feet high, which terminate in a steep promontory a few miles south of the city. The immediate surroundings were formerly arid, but since the completion of the canal bringing the waters of the Durance to the city the adjoining district has been irrigated and is now covered with gardens. Few European cities have shown such rapid modern development. A century ago the town was a cluster of narrow, crooked streets grouped around the cove which formed the old harbor. Several large avenues now traverse this old por- tion, while practically the whole city is laid out with broad and straight streets, and generally presents a modern aspect. The city Is dominated by the hill of Notre Dame de la Garde, which rises to a height of 480 feet on the southwest, be- tween the town and the shore. This hill is en- circled on the water side by a ])icturesque road, the Chemin de la Corniche, which leads south- ward along the shore of the gulf. There is a citadel on a promontory guarding the nar- row entrance to the old harbor, which as a land locked cove reaches into the heart of the city. The harbor is also defended by the forti- fied islands of Ratinnieau and Pomegue. and the Chiiteau d'lf, the latter a former State prison immortalized by Dumas in his Monle Cristo. Two principal avenues crossing at right angles divide the city into four quarters. One is the Rue Camiebicre, the principal business street, which begins at the head of the old harbor, and is continued eastward as the Boulevard Mnde- leinc. The other, running north and south, is the Rue de Rome, which terminates at the obelisk in (he Place Castcll'iur. whence it is prolonged as the Prado, the principal hotilevard of Marseilles. This is a magnificent avenue with two double rows of trees, which runs two miles south and sonthwestward, terminating on the seashore at Borely Park.