Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/92

* LEEDS. 80 LEEUWAKDEN. cal cdurtitinn ; and maintains a fire brigade, an otTcctive polite force, and bands of music fur the summer seuMin. Jt provides pardenlots for arti- sans and oilier people of small means, and has modern sewage-works for converting the refuse into fertilizi-rs. Leeds is the great centre of the British woolen trade. Among the staple manufactures are fine broadcloths, army clothing, and fancy cloths sent from neighboring towns to be finished in Leeds. There are also important manufactures of felt carpeting and drugget. The iron industry includes the smelting of ore. founding, and the manufacture of iiuuliinery. engines, agricultural implements, etc. There are extensive manufac- tures of fine decorative earthenware, leather, shoes, ready-made clothing, chemicals, flax, silks, glass, railway cars, tobacco, paper, fire-brick, etc. The estimated annual value of Leed's prod- ucts is $.5.1.00(1.(1011. Probably named after a British chief. Lede or Leod. in Saxon tinu's Leeds was an important centre, ami is called Loides-in-Elmeto by Bcile. Its charters, the first dating from 120'8, were granted in the reigns of Kings .John, (.harles L, t'harles II., and .lames II. It was made a city in 1893, and sends five members to Parliament. At her jubilee in ISn". Queen Victoria created the chief magistrate Lord Mayor. Population, in 1801. .5.3.200; in 1851, 172.300: in 1801. 3G7,- .'iOO: in inoi. 420.000. Consult: Tlioresby, Diualux Lcorlieiisis (Leeds. 171.5): Whitaker. ' LoUlis ami Khnclr ( I^eds, 181C) : Baincs. His- toric Skelch of Leeds (T^eds, 1822); .Jackson, Guide to Leeds (Leeds. KSSO) ; Kidson. IJistori- cal Xoliees of the Leeds Potteries (Leeds, 1892). LEEDS, Dike of. See Daxby, Tiio.mas O.s- BOR.NK. Eari. of. LEEDS MUSICAL FESTIVAL. One of the minor nnisical fistivals uf ICii^^land. The first festival was held in ]7(>7, to raise funds for the city hospital which had been inaugurated in that year. The next festival was held in 18.58, in the new Town Hall, immediately after its opening by Queen Victoria. .Another festival was held in 1S74 and again in 1877. since when they have been given triennially and the proceeds devoted to tbi- city lio-pilal. LEE-HAM'ILTON, Eugene (1845-). An English poet, born in London. He was educated in France. Germany, and at Oxford; entered dip- lomatic sen-ice, took part in the .Alabama arbi- tration at Geneva, and was .secretary of the lega- tion at Lisbon. His health failing, he retired to Italy, where he lived with his half-sister, Violet Paget (q.v. ). .mong his volumes are /'ocms nnd Trniisrripts (1878); AjioUo and Miirsyas (1884) : Imaiiinari/ Sonnets (1888) : The Foun- tain of Youth, a Fantastic Tragedy in Fire Acts (1891) ; Sonnets of the Wintjtess Hours (1894) ; Forest Xotes (1800); and a translation of Dante's Inferno (1898). LEEK. A manufacturing and market town in StafTordshire. England. 24 miles northeast of Stafford (Map: England, E 3). The parish church dates from 1180. The town contains numerous educational and benevolent institu- tions. It has manufactures of silk goods and agricultural implements. It owns the gas and water works, markets, cemetery, and public baths, and maintains an isolation hospital, public li- brary, and technical school. The town charter was granted bv King .John in 1208. Population, in 1891, 14,128; in 1901, 15,500. LEEK (A.S. liac. OHG. foi//i. tier. Lauch; pi)-.-.ilily connected with Olr. luss, plant), Allium porrum. A biennial plant of the order Liliacea', a native of the south of Europe. It is closely related to the onion, but in.stead of a bulb has a slight thickening at the base of the stem which ■ may reach a height of 3 feet. The leaves are about an inch wide and a foot or more long: the (lowers in a large and very dense terminal globu- lar umbel, which is not bulbiferous. The leek has Ih'cu long in cultivation, and .some of the vari- eties exhibit the etiects of cultivation in greatly increased size and delicacy. The lower part of the stem, before it has run up into a flower- stalk, blanched by earthing up or other means which also induce it to swell and extend, is much esteemed in Europe for culinary purposes, but in America has not become widely popular. Its flavor is much milder than that of the onion. It is generally sown in spring, and is used during the following winter. It nourishes in a rich but light and dry soil. Gardeners often transplant seedling leeks instead of merely thiiming out the original rows. In general, the culture of leeks is similar to that of the onion. See plate of O.NioNs. Oy.ster-Plant, etc. LEER, l.lr. A town of East Fricsland, in the Province (jf ilanovcr. Prussia. 50 miles by rail west-northwest of Oldenburg, on the right bank of the Leda, near its junctitm with the Ems (M.ap: Prussia, B 2). It is an important in- dustrial town, with manufactures of machinery, cigars, tobacco, etc., breweries, distilleries, iron- foundries, and shi|)-building yards. It carries on an extensive foreign trade in grain, groceries, animal and dairy products, :inil in its own manu- factures. Population, in 1890. 11,075; in 1900, 12,302. Leer is believed to be one of the oldest towns of the province, although it obtained muni- cipal rights only in 1823. LEES'BTJRG. A town and the county-seat of Louiloun County. Va.. 38 miles northwest of Alexandria; oil the Southern Railway (Map: A'irginia, G 2). It is the centre of a iich agri- cultural, stock-raising, and dairying region, and has some manufactures. Population, in 1890. 10.50: in 1900, 1513. LEETE, William (c.1603-83). A colonial Governor of Connecticut. He was born in Eng- land, where he studied law and served for a time in the Bishop's Court at Cambridge. He turned Puritan: emigrated to .-Xmerica in 1C37; settled in the Xew Haven Colony in 1039; and was one of the founders of Guilford and a 'pillar of the church' there. He served as Deputy Governor of Xew Haven from 15S to Hidl. ana then as Governor until the Colony was united with Con- necticut under the royal charter of l(?fi2. He is said to have harbored the regicides GofTe and Whalley, and he certainly evaded the demands of the royal emissaries for their arrest. He was Deputy Governor of the united Colony from IflOO to 167(5, and was then Governor until his death. LEEUWARDEN, bVviir'dcn. A town of the Xethcrlands. capital of the Province of FrieslantI, in a rich and extensive plain, on the Harlingen and Gn'iningen Canal. 16 miles east-northeast of Harlingen (Map: Netherlands, D 1). Nunier ous canals intersect the town, its streets are