Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/903

* MANITOBA. 807 MANKATO. MANITOBA, Lake. A body of water in the Province ef ilanitoba, Canada, intersected by the 51st parallel and the 99th meridian (Map: Manitoba, K 4). It is about CO miles south- west of Lake Winnipeg, which receives its waters through the Saskatchewan, or Dauphin Eiver, which, near the middle of its course, ex- pands into Saint Martin's Lake. Manitoba Lake is about 12.5 miles long, and about 25 miles wide; area, about 1900 square miles. It is 40 feet higher than Lake Winnipeg, and navigable for vessels drawing ten feet of water. It abounds in fish, and its shores are resorted to by sports- men for moose, elk. deer, and wild fowl. At its northern end it receives the waters of several smaller lakes, and at the south those of the White ilud River. The scattered settlements around are inhabited chiefly by Norwegians and Icelanders. MANITOtr, man'i-too. A town in El Paso I i>unty. Col., si.Y miles northwest of Colorado Springs : on the Colorado Midland and the Den- ver and Rio Grande railroads (Map: Colorado, E 2 ). The centie of a region renowned for won- derful scenery, Manitou is situated over 6300 feet above the sea, at the junction of and in three caiions — L'te Pass, William's Canon, and Engleman's Canon — at the foot of Pike's Peak (q.v. ). Six important mineral springs, which are valued for their medicinal properties, and the many natural attractions of the vicinity, combine in making Manitou one of the most popular health and pleasure resorts in the United States. The varied features of interest besides the Pike's Peak Cog Railway, which terminates here, comprise caves, canons, falls, and drives, and Monument Park (see illustration under Ero- sion), and the famous Garden of the Gods (q.v.), both containing picturesque formations of red and white sandstone. The population in summer is estimated at between .5000 and 8000. Population, in ISOO. 1430: in 1000. 1303. MANITOU, or MANITO (Algonquian In- dian, mysterj-. supernatural ). The most striking phase of the animistic beliefs of many American Indian tribes, not only in the Algonquian division, but, under other names, in other stocks as well. It appears to be a rather vague spiritual entity, ■which becomes specialized and personified in va- rious individual forms. There are thus an indefi- nite number of individual manitous which play an all-important role in the religious beliefs and mythologies of the Indians. Considering the manitous as personal spirits in many cases, and hence of varying ranks, early observers fell into the error of regarding the particular one which played the most conspicuous part in the mythol- ogy of the tribes with which they were dealing as an omnipotent being or 'Great Spirit.' as it came to be called, and the spread of this error has tended to perpetuate a great misconception in the popular mind regarding Indian religious beliefs. It is fairly evident that there is not and never was in primitive Indian beliefs any conception corresponding to the modern civilized idea of God or Deity. The manitou might he a supernatural being of any grade however low. and, further, anything mysterious or beyond comprehension was 'manitoti.' Another term of Chinook origin, viz. 'tamamius.' is now widely used in the Xorthwest of Xorth America to ex- press much the same conception, and the cult of the tamanuus as a protecting spirit of an indi- vidual has thrown much light on shamanistic customs and beliefs and is quite probably con- nected with the totemic practices of the tribes of that region. A similar conception is termed 'wakanda' by the Sioux. See Ixdiaxs, Amf.ri- CAN; TOTEillSM. MANITO tILIN (man'i-too'lin) ISLANDS. A group situated in Lake Huron, from whose northern shore it is separated by a channel varving from 7 to 18 miles in breadth (Map: Ontario, A 2). It comprises Grand Manitoulin, or Sacred Isle; Little Manitoulin. or Oxkburn Isle, belonging to Britain; and Drummond Isle, belonging to the State of Michigan. Grand Mani- toulin is 90 miles long by 5 to 30 broad ; Little Manitoulin is circular in shape, and has a di- ameter of 7 miles: Drummond Isle is 24 miles long by from 2 to 12 broad. All are irregular and striking in their natural features; the first two are covered with large and dense forests of pine. The islands afford good fishing and the various villages on them are favorite summer resorts. Half of the resident population are Ojibway Indians. Population, 2000. MANITOWOC, man'i-to-wok'. A city and the countv'-seat of Manitowoc County, Wis., 75 miles north of Milwaukee; on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Manitowoc River, and on the Chi- cago and Northwestern and the Wisconsin Cen- tral railroads (Map: Wisconsin, F 4). It has a fine harbor with good docking facilities and considerable lake commerce, the shipments being principally grain, flour, cheese, leather, etc. The industrial establishments include cigar factories, breweries, shipyards, grain elevators, tanneries, planing mills, brick yards, furniture and canning factories, foundries, machine shops, and edge tool and agricultural implement works. The County Insane Asylum and a Polish orphan asylum are situated here. Manitowoc was chartered as a citv in 1870. Population, in 1890, 7710: in 1900, 11,786. MANIZALES, ma'ne-salas. A town of Co- lombia, in the Department of Antioquia. It is situated on the southern boundary of the depart- ment, 100 miles northwest of Bogota, and at the junction of the main routes over the Central Cor- dillera, 7000 feet above sea-level (ilap: Colom- bia, B 2). It was founded in 1848, and has had a very rapid growth, being now one of the most populous towns of the department, the second in commercial and the first in strategic importance. It has gold-mining and stock-breeding industries, a bank, and a puijlio library. The population in 1895 was about 15,000. The tovm was the head- quarters of the rebels during the civil war of 1877-78. MANKATO. man-ka'td. A city and the coun- ty-seat of Blue Earth County, Minn.. 90 miles southwest of Saint Paul : at the confluence of the Minnesota and Blue Earth rivers, and on the Chicago and Northwestern, the Chicago, Mil- waukee and Saint Paul, the Chicago. Saint Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha, and the Chicago Great Western railroads (Map: IMinnesota. E 6). It has a State normal school, a handsome Federal building, the Tourteilotte Hospital. Saint .Jo- seph's Hospital, and a Carnegie public library. The city is in an agricultural section, with valu- able forests and extensive quarries of stone in the vicinity, and has creamery package and