Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/870

* HAIT. 776 MANAGUA. 'Tower of Refuse,' and the former residence of the dukes of Athol. Sixteen miles from Douglas lies Port Erin, a picturesque waterin<r-iilaoo on a small bar. Between Douglas and Peel, a dis- tance by rail of 12 miles, is Oreeba Castle, the residence of Hall Caine, whose writings have done much to make the manners and customs of the .Manx familiar to the general public. Peel is remarkable for its castle on Saint Patrick's Isle, joined to the mainland by a causeway, which in its present form dates chiefly from the fif- teenth century. The ruins of the catliedral stand within the castle inclosure. The Isle of Man forms a separate bishopric under the title of Sodor and Man. The ilanx Cluirch has its own canons and an independent convocation. The see is, for certain purposes, attached to the Province of York. There are in the island about forty places of worsliip in connection with the Establislied Cliurch of Man. The livings are, with few exceptions, in the gift of the Crown. Tlie principal denominations of dissenters are represented in the island. The Isle of Man has a constitution and govern- ment of its own, to a certain extent independent of the Imperial Parliament. It has its own laws, lawollicers, and courts of law. The legis- lative body is styled the Court of Tynwald, con- sisting of the Lieutenant-Governor and Council — the latter being comiiosed of the bishop, attor- ney-general, two deemsters (or judges), clerk of the rolls, water bailifT, archdeacon, and vice- general — and the House of 24 Keys, or Represen- tatives. The native language, Manx, a dialect of the Celtic, is still spoken, and is taught along with English in the parish schools. It is spoken chiefly in the northwestern parishes and in cer- tain localities on the west coast. It has a marked similarity to the Irish and Scottish Gaelic dia- lects. Previous to the sixth century the history of the Isle of Man is involved in obscurity ; from that period it was ruled by a line of Welsh kings, until near the end of the ninth century, when the Norwegian Harald llaarfagr invaded and took possession of the island. In the beginning of the tenth century Orry, a Dane, effected a landitig, and was favorably received by the in- habitants, who adopted him as tiieir king; he is said to have been the founder of the present Manx Constitution. . line of Scandinavian kings succeeded until Magnus. King of Norway, ceded his right in the island and the Hebrides to .Alexander III. of Scotland, 12(J0. On the death of .Alexander, the .Manx placed themselves under the protectiim of Edward I, of England by a formal instrument dated 1290; on the strength of this document, the King of England granted the island to various royal favorites from time to time, until the year 1406, when it was granted to Sir .John Stanley in perpetuity, to be held for the Crown of England, by rendering to the King, his heirs and sttccessors, a cast of falcons at their coronation. With the exception of a short period during the Civil War, when the island was surrendered to a Parliamentary force by Receiver-General Christian, and was granted to Thomas Lord Eairfax, it remained in the possession of the Stanley family and their de- scendants until, having been for a long period the seat of an extensive smuggling trade, to the detriment of the Imperial revenue, the sovereign- ty of it was purcha.sed by the British Government, the amount paid aggregating £493,000, and the negotiation extending from 1765 to 1820, Pop- ulation, in KS91, 55,608; in 1901, 54,758, Con- sult: ' Cunnning, The Isle of Man: lis Uislorij (Ix>nd<in, 1848) ; Train, Historical and Hlalislival Account of the Isle of Man. (Douglas, 1845) ; the works published by the Manx Society (19 vols., Douglas, 1858-68) ; Caine, The Lillle Manj; yation (London, 1891) ; and Walpole, The Land of Home Rule (London, 1893). MAN, Hexky (1747-99). . friend of Charles Lamb. He was born in London and educated at the Croydon Grammar School, then under Hev, John Lamb, .At the age of fifteen he l)ecanie clerk in a London mercantile house. In 1776 he was appointed deputy in the South .Sea House, where he formed a friendship with Land), He is "the wit, the polished man of letters,' sketched by Elia. JIan's publications comprise mainly tiie Triflcr, essays (1770); letters on education contributed to the Moininy Chronicle (1774); and r/o(/ci)ir, a dramatic satire (1775), Consult VoUeeted Works, with memoir (London, 1802). MANABOZHO, niii'na-bo'z.', or MiciiABO. The culture licro and ruler of gods and animals among the .Vlgonquian tribes. He is represented as the principal agent in the work of creation, the teacher of the various Indian arts of hunt- ing, fishing, and the like, the destroyer of monsters and neutralizer of evil influences, and withal as a great trickster. There seems no doidit that he was originall.v the god of light and day, ven- erated under ditlerent names, but with strik- ingly similar characteristics, throughout the con- tinent. See Hi.WATHA, MANACOB, mii'na-kOr'. .A town on the isl- and of Majorca, Spain. It is situated on a small eminence surrounded by a fertile plain, eight miles from the eastern coast of the island (Map: Spain, G 3). The town contains a number of ancient buildings, among which is a palace of the old kings of Majorca. It has manufactures of brandy, flour, pottery, and leather: is connect- ed with Palma by rail, but has no great commer- cial im]iortance. Population, in 1900, 12,548, MANAGUA, mi-na'gwa, LAKE (formerly called Lake Le6n), A lake in Nicaragua, Central .America, situated eight miles northwest of Lake Nicaragua, with which it communicates intermit- tently through the Tipitapa River (Map: Cen- tral .merica, E 4). Lake Managua is 40 miles long and 6 to 15 miles wide, and its waters lie 30 feet above the level of Lake Nicaragua, It is believed that the latter was formerly at a higher level than now, and that the two once formed a single lake. The shores of Lake Ma- nagua are remarkable for their picturesque scen- ery — which is dominated on the nortiiwestern shore by the volcano of !Monotond)o, Several steamers ply on the lake, and Managua, the capi- tal of the Republic, is situated on its southern shore. MANAGUA. The capital of Nicaragua, situ- ated in a healthful and fertile district on the south shore of Lake Managua (Map: Central .America, D 4). The town has little or no im- portance save as capital. It has a good water supply, and trades in the coffee giown in the sur- rounding district. Population, 17,000, Managua was made the capital of the country in 1855 to put an end to the rival claims of Leon and Gra-