Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/846

* MALVERN HILI.. 754 MAJHELUKES. Federal lines. Tlio Federal artillciy, whieh ]no^cd exoceilingly elToctive tliroughout the bat- tle, and was so po'.stc<l thai the fire of sixty gims emild be eoneeiitiated on any point, was under the general direction of Colonel Hunt. During the ballfo also a fire from the giinboats in the rear of the Federals did some exooiition in the Confederate ranks. The exact losses of the 1^:0 armies at ilalvem Hill were never ae<urately de- termined, but it is estimated that the Con- federates lost more than nOt)0 in killed and wounded and the Federals al)oit onetliird of that number. Consult: .Johnson and Buel (eds.), lialtlcs and Leaders of the Ciril War, vol. ii. ( Xew York. 1SS7) ; Miehie, General MeVleUiin (New York, inoi), in the "Great Commanders Series;" and Webb, The Peiiinnula (New York, 1881), in the "Campaifms of the Civil War Series.", MALVOISIE WINE. See Wl.VE. MALVOISIN, mal'vfizfn, or MAWMOI- SINE, nia'ni(ji-zm, William (?-12.3S). A Scot- tish ciclcsiastie. He was born in Normandy and educated in France. Going to Scotland, he was made one of the elerici refits and Areluleacon of Saint Andrews. Tn 1199 he was constituted Chancellor of Scotland; in 1200 Bishop of Glas- gow, in 1202 of Saint Andrews; in 1211 he re- signed his cliancellorsliip; in 1212 by appoint- ment of the Po|ic he convoked at Perth a great council of the clergy and people to press upon tile nation the Pope's will and command that an ex]>C(lition be undertaken to Palestine, but the nobles received the proposition coldly. In 1214 he attended the coronation of King Alexander n., and is said to have placed the crown on his head. The following year he went with the bishops of Glasgow and Moray to Rome to at- tend the fourth Lateran Coimeil. remaining abroad until 121S. On his return he efTected the deliverance of Scotland from the Papal ban. He brought from the Continent various orders of monks and mendicants before unknown in Scot- land, and established convents of black friars at several places. He died in Inehmurtaeh, near Saint Andrews, .Tuly .5, 12.18. MALVO'LIO. In Shakespeare's Twelfth Kifikt, steward to Olivia. A pompous, solemn fellow, when deceived by Sir Toby's letter he fancies his mistress in love with him. MALZEL, mel'tsel, .Tohaxn NEPoxn-K (1772- 18,'IS). A (ierman inventor of musical mechan- isms, born at Ratishon. At first a nuisic-teacher, he soon became famous for his invenlious, among them a sort of oreliestrion, a mechanical chess- player, and an automatic trumpeter. In 1808 he was made Court mechanician at Vienna. He constructed a number of ear-trumpets, one of which was used by Tieethoen. He was credited with having invented, in ]81f>, the metronome (q.v. 1. but in this he was anticipated, probably by Winkel of Amsterdam. He died while en route for the United States. MAM, milm. One of the three principal Mayan tribes of Guatemala, the other two being the Cakchicpiel (q.v.) and Quiche (q.v.). The Mam are located chiefly in the western part of the State, but extend into the adjacent dis- tricts of Chiapas. Mexico. The name signifies 'ancestral.' in allusion to the archaic forms of the language. MAMANUA, maniii'noo-ii. A Negrito people in northeastern Mindanao. See Philippine Isl- ands. MAMARONECK, ma-mrirVi-nek. A to«n, in- cluding the village of Larehmimt and part of Mamaroneek village, in Westchester County, N. '.; on Long Island Sound, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (Map: New York, G .5). It is a po]uilar suburb of New York City and has many handsome residence^. Larehmont village (incorporated in 1891) is the liflme of the well-known Larchmont Yacht Clnb. Poiiulation. in 1890. 2385; in 1900, 3849; Larcli- niont, in 19011, 945. MAMBAJAO, mam-b-i'iiou. A town of the Province of Misamis. Philippines, situated oji the northeast coast of Camigufn Island, olV the north coast of Mindanao (Map: Philippine Islands, J 10), Pcjpulation, 18.000. MAMBER. The common wild goat of South- western Asia and Asia !Minor. See Go.VT. I MAMBRES, mam'brez. See Jannes. MAMBRINO, mam-bre'nd. A pagan king of Bilhynia. mentioned in old Italian versions of the Charlemagne epic and further described in Arios- to's Orlando furioso, in which !Mambrino is killed by Rinaldo. He wore a helmet of gold, which had the power of making the wearer invisible. This helmet figures in Don Qnijcote, who. on sei' ing a barber wear a brass basin as a hat, di- clared it to be the magic helmet and wore it as such. MAMBUSAO, nK'im-boo'sou. A towTi of Pa- nay, Philippines, in the Province of Cflpiz, situ- ated on the river Maliiiannang, 16 miles soutli- west of Cjlpiz (Map: Philippine Islands, E li ). Population, in 1896, 11,000. MAMELI, ma-male, GoPFltEno (1827-49 1 An Italian poet and patriot, bom at Genoa. His father was Admiral Giorgio ilanieli. He wri'lf a tragedy founded on (ienoese history when biil sixteen years old, and his verses, L'Alba and Frnlelli d'll(iiin, became the campaign songs nl 1848. He served under Garibaldi as ai(le-de-cain|i and in the defense of Rome (1849) was fatally wounded. Mazzini A''ote an introduction to the edition of his poems published at Genoa in 18S0. The best edition is that of Tortona (1859). MAMELUCO, mii'ma-lTTo'ki'). The n.anie given in Central Brazil to the half-breed ofl'spring of whites or negroes and Indians. It evidently has referi'nce to the Jlamelnkes. MAM'EL0KES (from Fr. nianiehik. maniii- liic, from Ar. mainlt'ik, purchased slave, from malaka, to possess). A dynasty of Kg^'ptian sultans who ruled from 1250 to 1517. The name was originally applied to the Turkish slaves who were brought in large numbers into Kgypt and came to constitute the main strength of the army, filling at the same time the highest posts in the State. In time the Mamelukes were re- cruited bj' large numbers of Circassian slaves. In 1250 the last Ayubite ruler died and the power fell into the hands of the Emir Eybek. who mar- ried Sheger-ed-Durr. the mother of the dead monnTch. The dynasty founded by Eybek is known as that of the Bahrite iMaimdukes. Ey- bek was killed in 1257 and the government was assumed by the Viceroy Kutuz. who in 1260 gained a notable victory over the Mongols, and