Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/839

* MALTVrA. 747 MALMSTROM. times used as the common name, of the tull' or D0II7 Varden trout (q.v.). MALMAG. See Tabsier. MALMAISON, mal'nia'zoN' (Lat. mala man- iio. evil dwelling). La. A chateau near Ver- sailles, France, some 7 miles west of Paris, known as the home of Josephine Beauharnais before her marriage to Xapoleon. and after her divorce iu 180U. The history of the place may be traced to the thirteenth century, when it obtained its name from its reputation as a resort for out- laws. MALMESBUEY, mamz'ber-I. A market- town in Wiltshire. England, 20 miles northwest of Devizes (ilap: England. Do). It is an in- teresting town, picturesquely built on an emi- nence almost surrounded by the Lower Avon. A castle existed here in the seventh century, when a monastery was also founded. The celebrated chi-nniclcr William of ilalmesbury was a monk in the aliboy. which afterwards became a cloth factory. The remains of the abbey-church, partly early Xorman and partly decorated English, may still be seen. There are several other relics of antiquity in the place. It was the burial place of Athelstan and the birthplace of the philosopher Hobbes. Population, in 1801. SnoO; in 1901, 2900. Consult: Ixcriisiniin Malmexhtiriense, ed. by Brewer and Martin (London, 1879-81); Per- kins. MdhiKsbiir;/ Abbei/ (London, 1901). MALMESBURY, Jaues Harris, first Earl of I 174i>-18iO). An English diplomat, educated at Winchester, Oxford, and Leyden. At the age of twenty-one, through the influence of Lord Shelburne, he was appointed secretary of the embassy at Madrid. His skillful diplomacy there as charge d'affaires at the time of the dispute be- tween i^ngland and Spain in regard to the Falk- land Islands led to his appointment in 1771 as Minister Resident at Berlin, where he remained four years. In 1777 he was made Ambassador to Russia. The state of his health compelled him to leave Saint Petersburg in ITS.*?, but next year he accepted from the Pitt Ministry the post of Minister to The Hague. In 1788 he brought about an alliance of England with Hol- land and Prussia, which service gained for him the title of Baron ilalmesbury. Returning to Enghinil. he entered Parliament, of which. in spite of his long absences, he had been a member since 1770. He was a Whig till 179.3. when he became a supporter of the Administration, and Pitt sent him to negotiate a treaty between England. Prus- sia. and Hollaml — a mission which he successfully discharped. Tn 1794 he arranged the marriage between the Prince of Wales and Caroline, daugh- ter of the Duke of Brunswick. His fruitless negotiations for peace with the French Republic in 1790 at Paris and next year at Lisle were his last missions, as he now deemed himself in- capacitated by growing deafness from taking fvir- ther part in public affairs. In 1800 he was made Earl of Malniesliury and Viscount Fitzharris. Consult: his Diarif.i and CorrespnnrlFncp (4 vols., London. 184.5) ; Lord Malmrnhiirii and His Frirndx (London. 1870). both ed. by .1. H. Harris, his gi-andson: Lord Mnlmfxhurti'.K Emhnx.tp: Of- ficinl noctimettts in the yrgotintioiis nt TAxle (Edinburgh. 1797) : Auckland. Joumnl and Cor- respondence (London. 18C1-02) ; Stanhope. Life of Pitt (4 vols.. London, ISGl). Vol. XII— 48. MALMESBURY, Ja.mes Howaed Habbis, third Earl of (1807-89). An English .statesman. He was educated at Eton and Oxford; was re- turned to Parliament as a Conservative in 1841, but succeeded his father in the peerage the same year. He became Secretary for Foreign Affairs iu Lord Derby's first Administration (1852). Lord Malmesbury occupied the same position in the second Cabinet of Lord Derby (1858-59), when he endeavored to prevent the war be- tween France and Sardinia and Austria. In 18(it) he became Lord Keeper of the Pri^'y Seal, remain- ing in office till 1868. From 1874 to 187G he was again Pri-y Seal. He edited the Diaries and Correspondence of his grandfather (London, 1845) ; and The First Lord Malmesbury and His Friends (London, 1870). Consult Memoirs of an Ex-Minister: An Autobiography (London, 1884; 4lh ed. 1885). MALMESBURY, William of. An English chronicler. See William of M.lmesbirt. MALMIGNATTE, mal'me-nyat' (corruption of the Corsican name marmir/natto). A spider of the genus Latrodeetus. common in Southern Europe, whose bite is much dreaded. See Spider ; and compare Tarantula. MALMO, mal'me. A seaport of Sweden, the capital of the Lan of MalmiJhus, and the third largest city in the country. It is situated on the Sound, opposite Copenhagen, with which it is connected by ferry (Map: Sweden, E 9). The old part of the city is entirely surrounded by canals, inside of which the old fortifications have been razed, and their sites converted into beautiful parks and boulevards. Among the most prominent buildings are the fine city hall, built in 1546 in the Dutch Renaissance style, the old Gothic Church of Saint Peter, begun in 1.319, and the Governor's residence. The Jlal- miihus, an old fortified castle of the fifteenth century, is now used as a prison. Malniii is an important industrial centre, and has some of the largest iron works and foundries in the country, besides manufactures of railroad and tram cars, textiles, shoes and gloves, tobacco, brandy, and chocolate. It is the terminus of eight railroad lines, and has the largest artificial harbor in Scandinavia, with regular steamship connection with many foreign cities besides Swedish coast towns. Its population has more than trebled since 1860. and in 1901 was 60,857. :Ialmr, is first mentioned in the early part of the twelfth century, when its name was ilalmoghe. or Malnihauge, which means 'sandbank.' It was then a fishing village, but by the beginning of the sixteenth century it was, next to Copenhagen, the largest and most important city of the Dan- ish possessions. During the wars of the following period it declined until the opening of its har- bor in 1775, when its prosperity began to return. In 1058 it came into the possession of Sweden together with the district of the SkSne. MALMSTROM, mSlm'strem. BERxnAUn Elis (1810-65). A Swedish poet and author, born in the Province of Xerike. He studied at the Uni- versity of L'psala. and afterwards became dean and professor of aesthetics and literature there (1856). His poetical works, though few in num- ber, have placed him among the first of Swedish poets. They include: Fisl-nrflieknn rid Tjinnelsii (1839) ("The Fisherman's Daughter") ; Angelika