Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/838

* MALLET. 746 MALMA. British Association a catalogiie of earthquakes { 1852-58). His o«-n writings are luostly con- tributioiis to chemical journals, esi)eeially *''"•- inaii's, vol. xvii. sqq. MALTiOCK, William IR-rrell (1849—). An i:nj.'li!'li theological writer on social questions. He was Ixjrn in Devonshire, and educated at Bal- liol College. t)xford, where he won the Ncwdigate prize of 1872 with a poem on The Jslhmvs of Suex. He was intended for a diplomatic career, but devoted himself entirely to lit- erature, spending a consideraVile part of his life in Southern and Eastern Euroiie. His writings, even in fiction, have generally been occupied to a large extent with current problems of thought and life. In philosophy he has aimed at showing that modern science can of itself offer no firm basis for ethical theory; under this head comes Atheixm mid the Ih/mc of Life (1884); his most powerful Ixiok in this class is /,s- Life Worth JAringt (1879), a cogent criticism of the Positivist position as set forth liy its own advocates. In this book and still more in Doctrine and Doctrinal Disniplion (WOO), he argues for a sure dogmatic foundation for re- ligious belief, and his logic favors the Roman Catholic Church, with which, however, ho did not ritually connect himself. In The yew Rcpub-' lie (1877), under thin disguises, several of the most famous Englislimcn of the time ap- pear and discuss numerous interesting problems. Two novels. A Human Document (1892) and The Brart of Life (1895). are largely occupied with modern aspects of the relations of the se.ves, as is to a certain extent A h'omanee of the Ifine- tccnth Crnlurii (18S1). The Old Order Chanfjes is a counterblast to socialism under the form of fiction: and this is the standpoint of various im- portant economic works — Social Equality { 1882) ; Properly and I'roqress, an answer to Henry George (1884) : Classes and Masses (1896) ; and csi)epially Aristocracy and Kiolution (1898). We may cite also The Xew Paul and ^'ir<|inia (1878). a satire on modern Positivism; Tristram Lacy, the Individualist (1899); and some vol- umes of verse, including a translation of part of Lucretius in the metre of Omar Khavs'am (1900). MALLOPH'AGA (NeoLat. nom. jil., from Gk. iin}.'/6(, mallos, wool -■- ipnyeiv, phagcin, to eat). An order of wing'iess parasitic insects, commonly called Ijird liee' or 'biting lice.' The latter name is preferable, since they occur upon mammals as wnll as upon birds, and are dis- tinguished from the true lice of the hcmipterous family Pediculida> (see Loi"re) by possessing biting nidutliparts. They do not suck blood as do the true lice, but feed upon the fealliers or hair of the birds or mammals upon which they are found, just as do the bird mites. (See Mite.) The metamorphosis is incomplete; the body is greatly flattened and generally hard: the head is large and (Int ; the antennae are short and from three to five jointed; the eyes are simple, and the jaws are usually toothed and pointed. The front legs are short, and are used only in carr^'ing food to the moiith. projecting forward beneath the head when the insect is at rest. The other legs are strong, and the whole body is usually rather hairy. The eggs are elongate-oval, and are fastened singly to the feathers or hairs of the host animal. The young issue by breaking oflf a circular lid at the free end of the egg. Five s|)ecies of bird lice, l)elonging to three dis- tinct genera, have been found upon the common domestic cliicken. Nearly all are cosmopolitan species, and have been carried to all parts of the world, (loniocotcs hologasler is the conuiioncst of these, allliough Goniocolcs abdoniinalis is also veiT abundant. Lipeurus opaculuS' is a common form found upon pigeons, and Lipeurus polytrO' pezius occurs abundantly u])on turkeys. The domestic eat is often infested by Trichodectcs subroslratus, and the dog by Trichodectcs latun. The habit which fowls have of scratching in the dust and throwing it over their backs is an in- dication that they are infested. The best remedy consists in the free use of pyrethrum or Persian insect powder and of kerosene. Consult: Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals { Department of Agriculture, Washington, 1891)) : Kellogg, "A List of the P.iting Lice taken from Birds and Mammals of North Amer- ica," in Proceedings of the United Utatcs Xation- al Museum (Washington, 1899). MALLORCA, nisX-lyoi'ka. One of the Ba- learic Islands. Sec Ma.jorca. MAL'LORY, Stephen Russell (1813-73). A Cabinet oHiccr in the Confederacy. He was bom in Trinidad, W. I., and in 1832 was appointed by President Jackson inspector of customs ai Key West. About 1839 he was admitted to tlu' bar, subsequently served in the Florida War. ami from 1851 to 1801 represented Florida in tin- United States Senate. In the latter year lie wa- appointed Secretary of the Confederate Xavy, then .-ilhout a sliip. After the war he w:i- imprisoned, but in 180G was released on paroli', and practiced law until his death. MALLOW (AS. rnaliie, mcalne. from Lnt. maira, from Gk. fia'/.ax'l., mulachC. ^«<i,;/, mo- loche, mallow, probalily from /la/daaein, malas- sein, to soften, from fin'/.aKO^, mulalcos, soft, from Ileb. miilluah. iiuushmallow^ from mtllah. to flow, so called probably from its emollient qualitio-^. or less plausibly, from the softness of the leaves i . Malra. A genus of plants of the natural order ilalvace.-e. The species, which niuiiber about 30. arc herbs, or more rarely shrulis. The com- mon mallow (.l/«?i'n si//('c.s(ri«) .which is plentiful in most of Europe, and in America on waysides and heaps of rubbish, is a perennial, with rather large bluish-red flowers on erect stalks. The dwarf mallow [Malra rotundifolin). now a com- mon weed in America, has smaller whitish or reddish-white flowers. These two plants and other species are mucilaginous and somewhat bit- ter. The musk mallow (Malva moschatn). not unfrequent in America, has a faint musk-like smell. The fibre of Maho crispa is used in Syria for textile purposes, and the fibres of many s])e- cies arc probably fit for similar use. and for the manufacture of" paper. The young leaves of some are .said to be occasionally used as boiled vegetables. Malra Alcca resembles the musk mallow in general appearance, and is often culti- vated. It is a perennial with deep rose-colored flowers often veined with dark red. A niimbor of cultivated plants are often called mallows, but most of them belong to other genera of the mallow family. MALTffA. A vernacular name in Kamtchat- ka. adopted as the specific designation, and some-