Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 12.djvu/820

* MALACHY. 728 MALAGASY SUBREGIOIT. and ordained priest in 1119. He made further studies at the famous school of Lisniore, but re- turned to Armagh to throw himself heartily into the movement for the reformation of the Celtic Cliurch. He was chosen Bishop of Down and Connor in 1125. When Celsus, xrchbishop of Ar- magh, was dying, he charged liis clergj' and peo- ple not to elect, according to the prevalent cus- tom, a member of his family, but to choose ilal- achy. The election was disputed by a kinsman of the late jjrelate. and it was not till five years later, in 1 134, that ilalachy was able to enter into undisputed possession of his see, which, liowever, he resigned in 1137 to return to the smaller dio- cese. He still retained a great influence over the development of the whole Irish Church. He visit- ed Rome during the pontificate of Innocent II., stopping on liis way at Clairvaux. where he made the acquaintance of his future biographer Saint Bernard. The Pope invested him with extraor- dinary powers as legate in Ireland. Leaving home once more in 1148 to visit Po|)e Eugenius III. at Clairvaux, he died in the arms of Saint Bernard, was buried there, and canonized in 1189. A singular document passes under the name of the Prophecy of tiuint ilalachy. which pro- fesses to give a list of 141 appropriate mottoes for all the popes from 1143 to the end of time. Saint Bernard, though he ascribes to Malachy the gift of prophecy, mentions nothing like this; and no earlier date for its existence can be au- thenticated than 1595, in which year it was print- ed at Venice. As a matter of fact, however, the mottoes for popes later than that date are often singularly appropriate, eillier to the char- acter, history, or sometimes to the armorial bearings of the various pontiffs. Thus that of Pius VI. was Peregrinu.t apostolicus; Pius VII., Aquila rapax ; Pius IX., Vrux de cruce — the cross of Savoy was indeed a heavy cross to him; Leo XIII., Lumen in coolo — the 'light in heaven' has been referred both to the general enlight- ened policy of his reign and to a blazing comet which appears in chief in his familj' arms. The few remaining mottoes are: Ignis ai'dens; Religio depopukila ; Fides intrepida; Pastor angelicas; Pastor et nauta ; Flos florum; De medietate lunw; De labore solis ; Gloria olivw. 'Then," the prophecy concludes, ''a second Peter shall sit upon the seven hills, and Christ sliall return to judge the world by fire." For further details, consult an article by Lord Bute, "On the Proph- ecy of Saint Malachy," Dublin Rrciew (Dublin, 1885) ; O'Brien, Historical and Critical Account of the So-Called Prophecy of Saint Malachy (Dublin, 1880) : and his Life by O'Hanlon ( ib., 1859). MAL'ACOIi'OGY (from Gk. /ja?.aK6r^ malakos, soft + -'/.oyia, -logia, account, from '/.lyeiv, Icgein, to say). The science or study of molhisks as animals, in distinction from 'eonchology.' which considers only, or mainly, their shells. See iloL- LU.SCA. MALACOPTERYGII, mfil'a-kop'ter-ij'i-I. or MALACOPTERI (Xeo-Lat. nom. pi., from Gk. fta?.aK6c,malakos, soft + nTepvyiov, pterygion, di- minutive of nTep6v, pteron, wing. fin). One of the two primary divisions of osseous fishes in the system of Qivier, distinguished by soft or spineless fins, the rays of which are jointed. (See Fin.) The cod is an example. The significa- tion lias been niudilicd by iliiller, Owen, and others, and the term is now little used. Com- pare Ac.XT110PTEByGII. MAL ACOS'TRACA. See Ckistacea. MALADE IMAGINAIRE,ma'lad' ^'ma'zhe'- nfir'. Le (the inuiginary invalid). A tive-act prose comedy by Jlolifere, produced at the Palais Royal in 1U73. It was the last production of the author, who was attacked by a hemorrhage dur- ing its fourth performance and died a few mo- ments later. The play is a pitiless satire on the medical systems then prevailing. Agan, through his imagined illnesses, becomes the prey of phy- sicians, and wislies to marry his daugliter to the young doctor Drafavius, so that lie may be as- sured of his attendance, but Angelique at la^t becomes the wife of her lover Cleonte. MALAGA, Sp. pron. rail'la-ga (ancient Mu- laca}. The capital of the Province of Malaga, in the former Kingdom of Granada, Spain. It is situated at the head of a small bay of the Medi- terranean Sea. 04 miles northeast of Gibraltar (Map: Spain, C 4). It is picturesquely located on a fertile jilain, amid gardens and vineyards, and surrounded on three sides by mountain-. The climate is remarkably dry and equable. the place being jirotected from the north winds by the mountains, and enjoying the tempering influence of the sea breezes. It is a straggling, ir- regularly built town, with narrow, crooked, and unclean streets, and has few interesting feature-. The old portion is built at the foot of the steep hill of Gibralfaro. surmounted by a Moorish castle, which is about the only relic of past times still preserved. The newest portions of the town, how- ever, are more attractive. N^ear the harbor is a hand.sonie. broad promenade, the Alameda, shaded by fine trees and ending at a beautiful fountain. There are several new avenues laid out along the water front, and the new residential district of the Caleta is pretty and well kept. The cathedral is a vast structure of a mixed style of architecture, chiefly Gothic, but very imposing, dominating the whole view of the town from the sea. There is a large bull-ring. The intellectual life is cen- tred in the lyceum of literature and art, with a goixl library and picture galleries. The harbor, which was formerly obstructed, has since 1892 been improved, and there is considerable trade in sugar, wine, oil, lemons, and other agricultural products. There are manufactures of soap and chemicals, ropes, leather, and cloth, as well a- several large iron fotuidries, sugar refineries, and distilleries. Population, in 1887, 134,016; in 1900, 131,063. In ancient times Malaga was an important Phienician. and later a Carthaginian colony. Under the Romans, and especially under the Moors, it developed into a strong military sta- tion. It was captured in 1487 by Ferdinand and Isabella, after an heroic resistance. MALAGAS'Y. See :Madagascak. MALAGASY STJBREGION". In zoogeog- raphy, a subdivision of the Paleotropical or Ethi- opian Region, embracing Madagascar and the Comoro, Seyehelle, Mascarene, and neighboring islands. This insular subregion is so different in its fatma from the African continent, and has so much that is exclusive, that some zoologists have placed it in the first instead of the second rank of zoiigeographical divisions. Haeckel. in- deed, regarded it, theoretically, as the relic of